Leaf epidermal characters of Lonicera japonica and Lonicera confuse and their ecology adaptation

Abstract

The leaf epidermis of Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) and Wild Honeysuckle (Lonicera confusa) in the genus of Flos Lonicerae were mainly observed by scanning electron microscopes (SEM) to study the characteristics of stomata, trichomes and dermal cell, etc.. The results showed that stoma exists only on the lower epidermis and its distribution is irregular, and leaf epidermis consist of epidermis cells, stoma complexes and bushy trichomes including glandular hair and non-glandular hair. On the upper epidermis, anticlinal wall caves in sinuous groove to countercheck the transpiration. Evidences from leaf morphological structures serve as another proof on drought-resistant mechanisms. Some strumaes distributing regularly are hypothesized as oxalic calcium on the lower epidermis under laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) with Fluo-3/AM, which can increase their endurance to drought stress. Therefore, the above characteristics of Flos Lonicerae can reduce the loss of water and make Japanese honeysuckle and Wild Honeysuckle adapt to the droughty environment at Karst area in southwest China. However, there is some difference of the two species. From the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) result, it is shown that on the upper epidermis, some glandular hair regularly present along the midrib of Japanese honeysuckle, but Wild Honeysuckle has no glandular hair on the upper epidermis, which can verify the relationships of Flos Lonicerae species and provide the significance for classification of Flos Lonicerae.

Keywords

Lonicera japonica / Lonicera confuse / Flos Lonicerae / Dermal cell / Stomata / Trichomes / Ecology adaptation

References

[1] Baranova M. Historical development of the present classification of morphological type of stomates The Botanical Review, 1987, 53: 53-79.

[2] Baranova M. Principles of comparative stomatographic studies of flowering plants The Botanical Review, 1992, 58: 1-99.

[3] Bootman M.D., Berridge M.J., Roderick H.L. Calcium signaling: more messengers, more channels, more complexity Current Biology, 2002, 12: 563

[4] Bosabalidis A.M., Kofidis G. Comparative effects of drought stress on leaf anatomy of two olive cultivars Plant Science, 2002, 163: 375-379.

[5] Chai Xingyun, Li Songli and Li Ping. 2005. Quality evaluation of Flos Lonicerae through a simultaneous determination of seven saponins by HPLC with ELSD. Journal of Chromatography, 43–48.

[6] Deng Y., Jiang Z., Cao J. et al. Characteristics comparison of the leaf anatomy of Cyclobalanopsis glauca and its adaptation to the environment of typical Karst peak cluster areas in Nongla Guihaia, 2004, 24(4): 317-322.

[7] Du Z., Yang Z. Comparative study on the characteristics of photosynthesis and transpiration in Aneurolepidium Chinense of different soil types ACTA Botanica Sinica, 1995, 37(1): 66-73.

[8] Fahn A. Some anatomical adaptation of desert plant Phytomophology, 1964, 14: 93-102.

[9] Farquhar G.D., Sharkey T.D. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 1982, 33: 317-345.

[10] Ferris R., Nijs I., Behaeghe T. et al. Elevated CO₂ and temperature have different on leaf anatomy of perennial ryegrass in spring and summer Annals of Botany, 1996, 78: 489-497.

[11] Johnosn H.B. Plant pubescence; an ecological perpective Biological Reviews, 1975, 41: 233-258.

[12] Jones J.H. Evolution of the Fagaceae: the implications of foliar features Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 1986, 73: 228-275.

[13] Kausch A.P., Horner H.T. The relationship of air space formation and calcium oxalate crystal development in young leaves of Typha angustifolia (Typhaceae) Scanning Electron Microscopy, 1981, 1: 263-272.

[14] Kausik S.B., Battacharya S.S. Comparative foliar anatomy of selected gymnosperms: leaf structure in relation to leaf form in coniferales and taxales Phytomorphology, 1977, 27: 146-160.

[15] Lyshede O.B. Xeromorphic features of three stem assimilants in relation to their ecology Botanica Journal of the Linnean Society, 1979, 78: 85-98.

[16] Meidner H., Mansfield T.A. Physiology of stomata, 1968 London: McGraw-Hill 1-200.

[17] Pant D.D., Bhatnagar S. Morphological studies in Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) Phytomorphology, 1977, 27: 13-34.

[18] Parekh A.B., Putney J.W. Store-operated calcium channels Physiological Reviews, 2005, 85: 757

[19] Rijkers, G.T., Justement, L.B., Griffioen, A.W., et al. 1990. Improvement method for measuring intracellular Ca²⁺ with fluo-3. Cytometry, 11: 923.

[20] Sam O., Jerez E., Dell’Amiico J. et al. Water stress induced changes in anatomy of tomato leaf epidermis Biologia Plantum, 2000, 43: 275-277.

[21] Shield L.M. Leaf xeromorphy as related to physiological and structural influences Botanical Review, 1950, 16: 399-477.

[22] Stace C.A. Cuticular studies as an aid to plant taxonomy. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Botany, 1965, 4: 1-78.

[23] Wang X., Ma J. A study on leaf-structure and the diversity of xerophytes ecology adaptation ACTA Ecologica Sinica, 1999, 19(6): 787-792.

[24] Wang X., Wang J. Plant morphology ant its environment, 1989 Lanzhou: Lanzhou University Press 105-138.

[25] Wilkinson H.P. Metcalfe C.R., Chalk L. The plant surface (mainly leaf) Anatomy of the Dicotyledon, 1979 2nd ed Oxford: Carendon Press 97-114.

[26] Xing J., Li P., Liu Y. Study on varation of chlorogenci acid in Flos Lonicerae with phonological phase and localities Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2003, 38(1): 19-21.

[27] Yuan D. On the karst ecosystem ACTA Geologica Sinica, 2001, 75(3): 336-338.

[28] Yuan D., Li B., Liu Z. Karst in China Episodes, 1995, 18(1–2): 62-65.

[29] Zhang C., Yuan D., Cao J. Analysis of the environmental sensitivities of a typical dynamic epikarst system at the Nongla monitoring site, Guangxi, China Environmental Geology, 2005, 47: 615-619.

[30] Zhao C., Huang Z. A preliminary study of xeromorphism of some important xerophytes in Tungeli Desert Acta Botanica Sinica, 1981, 23(4): 278-283.