Changes in cardiac structure and function with aging

Tanushree Agrawal , Sherif F. Nagueh

The Journal of Cardiovascular Aging ›› 2022, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (1) : 13

PDF
The Journal of Cardiovascular Aging ›› 2022, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (1) :13 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2021.40
Review

Changes in cardiac structure and function with aging

Author information +
History +
PDF

Abstract

Aging is associated with progressive changes in cardiac structure and function. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and disease also increases profoundly with advancing age. Therefore, understanding the spectrum of physiological changes in the aging heart is crucial for the identification and risk stratification of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss echocardiographic features of age-related cardiac remodeling.

Keywords

Aging / cardiovascular imaging / echocardiography / systolic / diastolic

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Tanushree Agrawal, Sherif F. Nagueh. Changes in cardiac structure and function with aging. The Journal of Cardiovascular Aging, 2022, 2(1): 13 DOI:10.20517/jca.2021.40

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户 忘记密码

References

[1]

Roth GA,Johnson CO.GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing GroupGlobal Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study.J Am Coll Cardiol2020;76:2982-3021 PMCID:PMC7755038

[2]

Kitzman DW,Hagen PT,Edwards WD.Age-related changes in normal human hearts during the first 10 decades of life. Part II (Maturity): a quantitative anatomic study of 765 specimens from subjects 20 to 99 years old.Mayo Clin Proc1988;63:137-46

[3]

Gardin JM,Savage DD,Burn C.Echocardiographic measurements in normal subjects: evaluation of an adult population without clinically apparent heart disease.J Clin Ultrasound1979;7:439-47

[4]

Levy D,Savage DD,Christiansen JC.Echocardiographically detected left ventricular hypertrophy: prevalence and risk factors. The Framingham Heart Study.Ann Intern Med1988;108:7-13

[5]

Devereux RB.Echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man. Anatomic validation of the method.Circulation1977;55:613-8

[6]

Lieb W,Sullivan LM.Longitudinal tracking of left ventricular mass over the adult life course: clinical correlates of short- and long-term change in the framingham offspring study.Circulation2009;119:3085-92 PMCID:PMC2761217

[7]

Cheng S,Sullivan LM.Correlates of echocardiographic indices of cardiac remodeling over the adult life course: longitudinal observations from the Framingham Heart Study.Circulation2010;122:570-8 PMCID:PMC2942081

[8]

Olivetti G,Capasso JM.Cardiomyopathy of the aging human heart. Myocyte loss and reactive cellular hypertrophy.Circ Res1991;68:1560-8

[9]

Kaku K,Otani K.Age- and gender-dependency of left ventricular geometry assessed with real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography.J Am Soc Echocardiogr2011;24:541-7

[10]

Støylen A,Dalen H.Importance of length and external diameter in left ventricular geometry. Normal values from the HUNT Study.Open Heart2016;3:e000465 PMCID:PMC5051511

[11]

Chahal NS,Jain P,Kooner JS.Population-based reference values for 3D echocardiographic LV volumes and ejection fraction.JACC Cardiovasc Imaging2012;5:1191-7

[12]

Kou S,Dulgheru R.Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal cardiac chamber size: results from the NORRE study.Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging2014;15:680-90 PMCID:PMC4402333

[13]

Lang RM,Mor-Avi V.Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.J Am Soc Echocardiogr2015;28:1-39.e14

[14]

Lancellotti P,Lang RM.Normal Reference Ranges for Echocardiography: rationale, study design, and methodology (NORRE Study).Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging2013;14:303-8

[15]

Daimon M,Abe Y.JAMP Study InvestigatorsNormal values of echocardiographic parameters in relation to age in a healthy Japanese population: the JAMP study.Circ J2008;72:1859-66

[16]

Fukuda S,Daimon M.Normal values of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic parameters in a healthy Japanese population: the JAMP-3D Study.Circ J2012;76:1177-81

[17]

Bernard A,Dulgheru R.3D echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left ventricular volumes and strain: results from the EACVI NORRE study.Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging2017;18:475-83

[18]

Nagueh SF,Appleton CP.Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.J Am Soc Echocardiogr2016;29:277-314

[19]

Singh A,Miyoshi T.WASE InvestigatorsNormal values of left atrial size and function and the impact of age: results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study.J Am Soc Echocardiogr2021;

[20]

Maffessanti F,Esposito R.Age-, body size-, and sex-specific reference values for right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by three-dimensional echocardiography: a multicenter echocardiographic study in 507 healthy volunteers.Circ Cardiovasc Imaging2013;6:700-10

[21]

Fiechter M,Gebhard C.Age-related normal structural and functional ventricular values in cardiac function assessed by magnetic resonance.BMC Med Imaging2013;13:6 PMCID:PMC3626771

[22]

Soulat-Dufour L,Miyoshi T.WASE InvestigatorsNormal values of right atrial size and function according to age, sex, and ethnicity: results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study.J Am Soc Echocardiogr2021;34:286-300

[23]

Gerstenblith G,Yin FC,Lakatta EG.Echocardiographic assessment of a normal adult aging population.Circulation1977;56:273-8

[24]

Vriz O,Habib E.Age related structural and functional changes in left ventricular performance in healthy subjects: a 2D echocardiographic study.Int J Cardiovasc Imaging2019;35:2037-47

[25]

Hung CL,Shah AM,Kitzman D.Age- and sex-related influences on left ventricular mechanics in elderly individuals free of prevalent heart failure: the ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities).Circ Cardiovasc Imaging2017;10:e004510 PMCID:PMC5260486

[26]

Port S,Coleman RE.Effect of age on the response of the left ventricular ejection fraction to exercise.N Engl J Med1980;303:1133-7

[27]

D'Elia N,Kosmala W.Normal global longitudinal strain: an individual patient meta-analysis.JACC Cardiovasc Imaging2020;13:167-9

[28]

Owan TE,Herges RM,Roger VL.Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.N Engl J Med2006;355:251-9

[29]

Paulus WJ,Sanderson JE.How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology.Eur Heart J2007;28:2539-50

[30]

Kitzman DW,Gottdiener JS.Importance of heart failure with preserved systolic function in patients ≥65 years of age.Am J Cardiol2001;87:413-9

[31]

Vasan RS,Levy D.Prevalence, clinical features and prognosis of diastolic heart failure: An epidemiologic perspective.J Am Coll Cardiol1995;26:1565-74

[32]

Benjamin EJ,Anderson KM.Determinants of Doppler indexes of left ventricular diastolic function in normal subjects (the Framingham heart study).Am J Cardiol1992;70:508-15

[33]

Klein AL,Tajik AJ,Bailey KR.Effects of age on left ventricular dimensions and filling dynamics in 117 normal persons.Mayo Clinic Proceedings1994;69:212-24

[34]

Munagala VK,Mahoney DW,Bailey KR.Association of newer diastolic function parameters with age in healthy subjects: a population-based study.J Am Soc Echocardiogr2003;16:1049-56

[35]

Nagueh SF,Gillebert TC.Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography.J Am Soc Echocardiogr2009;22:107-33

[36]

Caballero L,Dulgheru R.Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal cardiac Doppler data: results from the NORRE Study.Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging2015;16:1031-41

[37]

Shah AM,Kitzman D.Contemporary assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in older adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Circulation2017;135:426-39 PMCID:PMC5285443

[38]

Lam CS,Kane GC,Rodeheffer RJ.Age-associated increases in pulmonary artery systolic pressure in the general population.Circulation2009;119:2663-70 PMCID:PMC2753443

[39]

Blume GG,Barnes ME.Left atrial function: physiology, assessment, and clinical implications.Eur J Echocardiogr2011;12:421-30

[40]

Badano LP,Muraru D.Industry representativesReviewers: this document was reviewed by members of the 2016-2018 EACVI Scientific Documents CommitteeStandardization of left atrial, right ventricular, and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging.Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging2018;19:591-600

[41]

Wakami K,Asada K.Correlation between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and peak left atrial wall strain during left ventricular systole.J Am Soc Echocardiogr2009;22:847-51

[42]

Freed BH,Cheng JY.Prognostic utility and clinical significance of cardiac mechanics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: importance of left atrial strain.Circ Cardiovasc Imaging2016;9:e003754 PMCID:PMC4780261

[43]

Kuppahally SS,Burgon NS.Left atrial strain and strain rate in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: relationship to left atrial structural remodeling detected by delayed-enhancement MRI.Circ Cardiovasc Imaging2010;3:231-9

[44]

Yasuda R,Roberts R.Left atrial strain is a powerful predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation: study of a heterogeneous population with sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation.Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging2015;16:1008-14

[45]

Moreno-Ruiz LA,Martínez-Flores JE.Left atrial longitudinal strain by speckle tracking as independent predictor of recurrence after electrical cardioversion in persistent and long standing persistent non-valvular atrial fibrillation.Int J Cardiovasc Imaging2019;35:1587-96 PMCID:PMC6700045

[46]

Kim J,Palumbo MC.Left atrial strain impairment precedes geometric remodeling as a marker of post-myocardial infarction diastolic dysfunction.JACC Cardiovasc Imaging2020;13:2099-113 PMCID:PMC7554167

[47]

Sahasakul Y,Naessens JM.Age-related changes in aortic and mitral valve thickness: implications for two-dimensional echocardiography based on an autopsy study of 200 normal human hearts.Am J Cardiol1988;62:424-30

[48]

Stewart BF,Lind BK.Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study.J Am Coll Cardiol1997;29:630-4

[49]

Barasch E,Larsen EK,Newman AB.Clinical significance of calcification of the fibrous skeleton of the heart and aortosclerosis in community dwelling elderly. The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).Am Heart J2006;151:39-47

[50]

Klein AL,Tajik AJ.Age-related prevalence of valvular regurgitation in normal subjects: a comprehensive color flow examination of 118, volunteers.J Am Soc Echocardiogr1990;3:54-63

[51]

Addetia K,Amuthan V.WASE InvestigatorsNormal values of left ventricular size and function on three-dimensional echocardiography: results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Study.J Am Soc Echocardiogr2021;

[52]

Miyoshi T,Citro R.WASE InvestigatorsLeft ventricular diastolic function in healthy adult individuals: results of the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography Normal Values Study.J Am Soc Echocardiogr2020;33:1223-33

AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF

56

Accesses

0

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

AI思维导图

/