Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of centrally procured antimicrobial drugs in the pediatric population, the impact of centrally procured policies on pediatric antimicrobial drug use and drug costs, and to make recommendations for hospitals to balance better the relationship between centralized procurement policies and antimicrobial drug management.
Methods: The data on the use of antimicrobial drugs and adverse reactions reported by inpatients in our hospital for half a year before and after centralized drug procurement were collected. Changes in the intensity, structure and utilization rate of antibacterial drugs, incidence of adverse reactions and drug costs, average length of stay, cure rate and improvement rate of patients before and after centralized procurement were compared. An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted on the cognition of clinical medical staff on the use of antibacterial drugs before and after centralized drug procurement.
Results: 1. Centralized antibacterial drugs are widely used in our hospital, and there is no obvious difference in safety and effectiveness from non-centralized drugs. 2. The centralized procurement policy significantly reduces antimicrobial drug costs but increases non-antimicrobial drug costs. 3. The intensity and utilization rate of antimicrobial drugs has stayed the same after the centralized procurement policy, but the drug structure changed.
Conclusion: There is still some prejudice among medical professionals and the public towards centralized antibacterial drugs, and positive guidance should be strengthened. The implementation of the centralized procurement policy needs corresponding management measures to ensure the rational use of antimicrobial drugs in clinic.
The research and development of benzothiazole derivatives have gained significant interest in recent years due to their diverse range of pharmacological activities. Benzothiazole-based compounds have been found to be effective in the treatment of various diseases including cancer, microbial infections and cardiovascular diseases. The synthesis of benzothiazole derivatives has been an active area of research, and several synthetic methods have been developed to access these compounds. The development of new.synthetic approaches and the modification of existing methods have allowed for the creation of novel scaffolds with improved biological properties and specificity. Benzothiazole derivatives have exhibited a wide range of biological activities including antitumor, antibiotic, antifungal, antimicrobial, HIV–I protease inhibition, and antiarteriosclerosis activities. The exploration of the pharmacological properties of benzothiazole derivatives continues to be an exciting area of research with the potential for the discovery of new drugs and therapies. Present review of benzothiazole and its derivatives provides a comprehensive overview of their synthesis and biological activities. This review will serve as a useful resource for researchers working in the field of synthetic chemistry and drug discovery, and it is expected to inspire further research and development of benzothiazole-based compounds with enhanced pharmacological properties.
The potent estrogen estradiol (E2) is a factor responsible for stimulating breast cancer. In some genetic and phenotypic cases, it also plays a significant role in disease onset and progression. Today, synthetic cancer drugs are expensive and have side effects when taken for a long time to cure such diseases. Therefore, scientists are trying to find alternative drugs to replace the drugs that pose a serious health burden to humans. Since natural sources have low toxicity and no negative consequences, some unexplored cyanobacterial metabolites were chosen for this study. To identify safe and effective drugs, the current study examined anti-breast cancer drugs using Schrödinger's tools. Finally, usneoidone Z showed remarkable docking scores of −13.421, followed by lyngbyabellin E1 (−12.765), malyngamide R (−12.501) and malyngamide T (−11.372). The notable MM-GBSA values of these metabolites were −76.366, −64.691, −69.482, and −67.289, respectively. These four cyanobacterial metabolites showed remarkable hydrogen bonding, docking scores, and MM-GBSA values better than the phytochemicals identified as potent candidates for breast cancer and the drugs prescribed for breast cancer. In fact, ADMET assessment revealed that these molecules have better water solubility, gut absorption, skin permeability, BBB permeability, CNS permeability, total clearance, etc. In particular, Usneoidone Z was found to have better pharmacological properties for manufacturing as a drug. This is the first report on the drug potential of usneoidone Z, lyngbyabellin E1, malyngamide R and malyngamide T for breast cancer. According to the results, the present study assumes that the therapeutic effects of these metabolites will be stronger than those of phytochemicals and drugs against breast cancer in the clinical phase. Furthermore, the present research could be very useful to accelerate the development of novel anticancer drugs from cyanobacteria. In addition, we hope that this research will be a good source to develop a novel drug with no side effects and at a reasonable cost.
The aim of this study was to develop and produce natural polymer-based controlled-release matrix tablets of metformin hydrochloride. The formulations were manufactured from a mixture of natural and synthetic polymers, including gum copal, gum damar, gum olibanum, xanthum gum, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K15M. The granules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The kinetics of drug release from the formulations was determined by zero-order kinetic analysis. The formulas were found to be in the following ranges: 4.20.054 to 5.10.58 kg/cm2, 844.86.84 to 852.64.13 mg, 0.230.002 to 0.670.048 percent, and 99.450.15 to 101.930.16 percent, respectively. For all formulations, it was found that Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, bulk density, tapped density, and angle of repose were less than 15% and 1.18, respectively, indicating that the generated tablets had acceptable flow properties. Formulations F3, F4, and F5, which contained varying amounts of gum copal, showed respective drug release rates of 91.21 percent, 85.69 percent, or 99.87 percent after 12 h. For formulations F11, F12, and F13, which included varying quantities of olibazine gum, after 10, 10, and 9.5 h, it generated 100% drug release after 10, 10.5, and 10 h. Formulation F5 which included gum copal, and the HPMC showed sufficient release to exert the necessary therapeutic effect in under 12 h, whereas the other formulations showed anomalous or non-Fickian diffusion. This study suggests that matrix tablets for continuous controlled release can be made.
With the deepening of machine learning research in the medical field. At present, more and more studies have applied it to individualized medicine such as drug concentration monitoring and adverse reaction prediction. Compared with traditional population pharmacokinetic modeling methods, machine learning can analyze a large number of real-world medication data. Through multi-level mining of the data, machine learning can more accurately predict blood drug concentration and drug dose, so as to build a more practical individualized medication model, improve the level of clinical precision medication, and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions. This article reviews the research of machine learning in individualized medicine, in order to provide technical support and theoretical basis for clinical precision medicine.
Therapeutics' drug monitoring (TDM) has been employed in the clinical patient therapy since early 1960s. In order to minimize toxicity, maximize therapeutic results, or to achieve both, it requires measuring and interpreting drug concentrations in biological fluids and modifying medication dosages or schedules. According to the hypothesis, a drug must meet numerous requirements in order to be useful for TDM. Although, the number of cancer chemotherapy treatment options has grown significantly in recent years. It has been seen that this sector is historically dependent on an outdated method of individual medication dosing based on body size measures (mg/m2) or weight (kg) and still does so in the current healthcare context. TDM is a broad term that applies to a variety of medications from various therapeutic classes, including cardio-active substances, anti-epileptic drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, respiratory drugs, smooth muscle relaxants, antibiotics as well as few chemotherapy drugs for cancer, immunosuppressants, antidepressants. Despite high inter-individual variability of many anticancer medications, TDM is uncommon in chemotherapy management. In this review, pharmacokinetics is also mentioned in relation to anticancer chemotherapeutic medicines. In this review, the limited instances where oncotherapy practice is currently using TDM are also mentioned and suggested additional pharmaceuticals for which this practice may be appropriate.
Metformin hydrochloride's fast onset of action is very desirable, making it a prime candidate for the preparation of orodispersible tablets in the present study. This medication is prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes, which does not respond to insulin. The tablets were made using direct compression and a mixture of the super disintegrants sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and croscarmellose sodium (CCS). Mannitol is a sugar-based excipient that serves as a binding agent, dissolves well in water, and provides a pleasant mouth feel. The blend's pre-compression results show that the medication excipients work well together and have desirable compression characteristics. Eight distinct formulations with varying amounts of SSG, CCS, and Mannitol were made. The properties of the tablets' drug release were measured, including their in vitro disintegration time, water absorption ratio, mechanical stability, wetting time, and so on. When using a greater concentration of SSG, CCS, and Mannitol, formulations F4 and F8 showed shorter in vitro disintegration times of 10.2 and 7.8 s, respectively, and formulation F8 showed 99.65% in vitro drug release at the end of 30 min. The orodispersible tablet performance can be enhanced through direct compression using the super disintegrants inclusion methodology.