Integrated CO₂ Capture and Utilization: Toward Value-Added Products

Abstract

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is widely recognized as an effective strategy for mitigating carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions; however, its large-scale deployment is constrained by complex multistep processes and high operational costs. Traditional carbon capture and storage (CCS) offers permanent sequestration for hard-to-abate sectors but faces challenges, including high costs, limited storage capacity, and the absence of direct revenue streams. Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) addresses some of these barriers by converting CO₂ into value-added products, yet early CCU implementations treated capture and conversion as separate processes, increasing energy demand and operational complexity. As an emerging alternative, integrated carbon capture and utilization (ICCU) offers a promising solution by enabling the simultaneous capture and direct conversion of CO₂ into value-added chemicals, thereby eliminating the need for energy-intensive desorption and purification steps. This approach has recently garnered significant global attention for its potential to simplify process flows and enhance overall energy efficiency, especially in material design, process intensification, and techno-economic analysis. However, product-focused analyses remain limited. This review addresses this gap by categorizing the ICCU according to C₁ and C₂₊ products, linking catalytic strategies to industrial commodities, and identifying future research and deployment priorities to advance ICCU from laboratory innovation to commercial reality. Finally, future research directions are proposed, highlighting opportunities to improve catalytic performance, system integration, and techno-economic feasibility.

Keywords

C₁ and C₂₊ products / CO₂ capture / utilization

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