Using a Game to Engage Stakeholders in Extreme Event Attribution Science
Hannah R. Parker , Rosalind J. Cornforth , Pablo Suarez , Myles R. Allen , Emily Boyd , Rachel James , Richard G. Jones , Friederike E. L. Otto , Peter Walton
International Journal of Disaster Risk Science ›› 2016, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (4) : 353 -365.
Using a Game to Engage Stakeholders in Extreme Event Attribution Science
The impacts of weather and climate-related disasters are increasing, and climate change can exacerbate many disasters. Effectively communicating climate risk and integrating science into policy requires scientists and stakeholders to work together. But dialogue between scientists and policymakers can be challenging given the inherently multidimensional nature of the issues at stake when managing climate risks. Building on the growing use of serious games to create dialogue between stakeholders, we present a new game for policymakers called Climate Attribution Under Loss and Damage: Risking, Observing, Negotiating (CAULDRON). CAULDRON aims to communicate understanding of the science attributing extreme events to climate change in a memorable and compelling way, and create space for dialogue around policy decisions addressing changing risks and loss and damage from climate change. We describe the process of developing CAULDRON, and draw on observations of players and their feedback to demonstrate its potential to facilitate the interpretation of probabilistic climate information and the understanding of its relevance to informing policy. Scientists looking to engage with stakeholders can learn valuable lessons in adopting similar innovative approaches. The suitability of games depends on the policy context but, if used appropriately, experiential learning can drive coproduced understanding and meaningful dialogue.
Climate change / Extreme event attribution / Loss and damage policy / Participatory games / Probabilistic event attribution (PEA) / Risk management
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
Ambani, M., and F. Percy. 2014. Facing uncertainty: The value of climate information for adaptation, risk reduction and resilience in Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: CARE International. http://insights.careinternational.org.uk/media/k2/attachments/Facing_Uncertainty_ALP_Climate_Communications_Brief.pdf. Accessed 8 Dec 2016. |
| [3] |
Ashdown, L.P. 2011. Humanitarian emergency response review. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/humanitarian-emergency-response-review. Accessed 8 Dec 2016. |
| [4] |
Bachofen, C., P. Suarez, M. Steenbergen, and N. Grist. 2012. Can games help people manage the climate risks they face? The participatory design of educational games. Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre Working Paper Series No. 3. The Hague, Netherlands: Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre. http://www.climatecentre.org/downloads/files/Games/AW-wps-games-v5.pdf. Accessed 8 Dec 2016. |
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
Duncan, M., K. Crowley, R. Cornforth, S. Edwards, R. Ewbank, P. Karbassi, C. McLaren, J.L. Penya, A. Obrecht, S. Sargeant, and E. Visman. 2014. Integrating science into humanitarian and development planning and practice to enhance community resilience. UK Collaborative for Development Sciences. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/hazardcentre/documents/Full_Guidelines. Accessed 8 Dec 2016. |
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
Herring, S.C., M.P. Hoerling, J.P. Kossin, T.C. Peterson, and P.A. Stott (eds.). 2015. Explaining extreme events of 2014 from a climate perspective. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96(12): S1–S172. |
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
IISD (International Institute for Sustainable Development). 2013. Summary of development and climate days. http://www.iisd.ca/climate/cop19/dcd/html/crsvol99num10e.html. Accessed 3 Aug 2015. |
| [19] |
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
Knutson, T.R., F. Zeng, and A.T. Wittenberg. 2014. Seasonal and annual mean precipitation extremes occurring during 2013: A U.S. focussed analysis. In Explaining extreme events of 2013 from a climate perspective, ed. S.C. Herring, M.P. Hoerling, T.C. Peterson, and P.A. Stott, S19–S23. Washington, DC: American Meteorological Society. |
| [23] |
Macklin, C. 2014. Ready! Lessons in the design of humanitarian games. Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre Working Paper Series No. 3. The Hague, Netherlands: Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre. http://www.climatecentre.org/downloads/files/Case%20studies/AW_RCCC_working%20paper%203%20READY%20web.pdf. Accessed 8 Dec 2016. |
| [24] |
Maenzanize, S., and L. Braman. 2012. Innovative approaches to engaging communities in participatory dialogues that enhance community disaster preparedness. Climate Services Partnership. http://start.org/download/2012/drr/maenzanise-report.pdf. Accessed 8 Dec 2016. |
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
Mendler de Suarez, J., P. Suarez, and C. Bachofen (eds.). 2012. Games for a new climate: Experiencing the complexity of future risks. Pardee Center Task Force Report. Boston: The Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future, Boston University. http://www.climatecentre.org/downloads/files/Games/Games-related%20publications/Pardee%20report.pdf. Accessed 8 Dec 2016. |
| [27] |
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Attribution of extreme weather events in the context of climate change, 2016, Washington, DC: National Academies Press |
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
|
| [30] |
|
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
|
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
|
| [36] |
|
| [37] |
|
| [38] |
Suarez, P., and C. Bachofen. 2013. Using games to experience climate risk: Empowering Africa’s decision-makers. Final Report of the CDKN Action Lab Innovation Grant. http://www.climatecentre.org/downloads/files/Games/CDKNGamesReport.pdf. Accessed 8 Dec 2016. |
| [39] |
|
| [40] |
Suarez, P., F.E.L. Otto, N. Kalra, C. Bachofen, E. Gordon, and W. Mudenda. 2015. Loss and damage in a changing climate: Games for learning and dialogue that link HFA and UNFCCC. Working Paper Series No. 8. The Hague, Netherlands: Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre. http://climatecentre.org/downloads/files/Case%20studies/AW_RCCC_WP8_Suarez%20and%20al%20v3.pdf. Accessed 8 Dec 2016. |
| [41] |
|
| [42] |
UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). 2013. Decision 2/CP.19: Warsaw international mechanism for loss and damage associated with climate change impacts FCCC/CP/2013/10/Add.1. http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2013/cop19/eng/10a01.pdf#page=6. Accessed 8 Dec 2016. |
| [43] |
UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030, 2015, Geneva: UNISDR |
| [44] |
|
| [45] |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |