Genome-wide inventory and functional characterization of cannabinoid oxidocyclases in Cannabis sativa

Minxuan Li; Sen Cai; Xu Bai; Yuzeng Ouyang; Lina Chen; Zhiyuan Zhang; Weiqi Tang; Marc Xu; Deyong Ao; Yaxing Li; Yunwei Sun; Liette Vasseur; Shijun You; Yang Liu; Nirit Bernstein; Yong Wang; Yuanyuan Liu

doi:10.1093/hr/uhag023

Horticulture Research ›› 2026, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (5) :23 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag023

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Genome-wide inventory and functional characterization of cannabinoid oxidocyclases in Cannabis sativa

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¹ Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Plant Systems Biology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Instrumental Analysis Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China

² State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China

³ Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands

⁴ Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University , Fuzhou 350108, China

⁵ Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science , Shenzhen 518055, China

⁶ Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032, China

⁷ Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University , St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada

⁸ Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity , Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China

⁹ State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics , BGI— Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China

¹⁰ Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Science, Volcani Institute , 68 HaMaccabim Road, PO Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel

^*E-mail: yyliu@fafu.edu.cn

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Minxuan Li, Sen Cai, Xu Bai, Yuzeng Ouyang, Lina Chen, Zhiyuan Zhang, Weiqi Tang, Marc Xu, Deyong Ao, Yaxing Li, Yunwei Sun, Liette Vasseur, Shijun You, Yang Liu, Nirit Bernstein, Yong Wang, Yuanyuan Liu. Genome-wide inventory and functional characterization of cannabinoid oxidocyclases in Cannabis sativa. Horticulture Research, 2026, 13 (5) : 23 DOI:10.1093/hr/uhag023

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr G. Haughn for critical comments on the manuscript; Dr J. Gao for providing P. pastoris GS115 strain; Dr L. Liao for assisting UPLC analysis. This work was also supported by Beijing PARATERA Technology Co., Ltd (http://cloud.paratera.com) for providing high-performance and AI computing resources. The work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32561143033, 32470281); the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Fujian Province (2025J010027).

Author contributions

Yuanyuan Liu conceived the study; M.L., S.C., X.B., and Yuanyuan Liu designed the experiments; M.L., S.C., X.B., Y.O., L.C., Z.Z., W.T., M.X., D.A., Y.L., Y.S. performed the experiments. M.L., S.C., X.B., Y.W., Yang Liu, S.Y., N.B., and Yuanyuan Liu analyzed the data. M.L., S.C., L.V., S.Y., N.B., and Yuanyuan Liu wrote the manuscript with input from all authors.

Data availability

The raw sequence data and genome assembly used for this project are available from CNCB BioProject (China National Center for Bioinformation Biological Project Library: https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/bioproject/) under accession number PRJCA015041. The genome assembly for C. sativa ‘CSLZ’ have been deposited at CNCB GWH (China National Center for Bioinformation Genome Warehouse: https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gwh/) under Bioproject codes GWHBWDA00000000. The raw data of genome sequencing have been deposited in the CNCB GSA (China National Center for Bioinformation Genome Sequence Archive: https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gsa/) database under accession number: CRA009905. The raw data of transcriptome sequencing comes from SRP168446 in the NCBI SRA database. The supplementary tables and figures supporting the conclusions of this article are available on the Figshare database under the accession https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30919262.

Conflicts of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

References

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