Studies on the mother flower carnation: past, present, and future

Abstract

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is an important global flower crop, with great ornamental and economic value. It has more than 2000 years of cultivation history and profound cultural heritage known as mother flower. Now, although carnation is deeply loved by the majority of consumers because of its rich color and various varieties, the original carnation unique clove flavor has disappeared. Furthermore, our understanding of carnation traits such as flower shape, flower color, flower fragrance, disease resistance, and vase life remains limited. Previous reviews have primarily concentrated on individual aspects of carnation, failing to present a comprehensive overview. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of carnation in these aspects, so as to provide a reference for the future research direction in carnation.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops (Horti-3Y-2024-015), the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research (Program No. 2023020201010106), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Program No. 2662023PY023 and 2662019PY049), the Thousand Youth Talents Plan Project and the Start-up Funding from Huazhong Agricultural University to FZ, and by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Program No. 2662023PY011), the Young Scientist Fostering Funds for the National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops (Program No. Horti-PY-2023-001), and the Yunnan Xingdian Talents-Special Selection Project for High-level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovation Teams-Team Specific Project (Program No. 202505AS350021).

Author contributions

F.Z. conceived and supervised the project. M.W. prepared the review and wrote the original draft by help with Z.P. (Zhengkang Pi), Z.P. (Zekang Pan) and X.L.. L.Z., Y.C., and M.B. provided suggestions on the manuscript. F.Z. edited the manuscript.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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