Shaping the future of bananas: advancing genetic trait regulation and breeding in the postgenomics era

Abstract

Bananas (Musa spp.) are among the top-produced food crops, serving as a primary source of food for millions of people. Cultivated bananas originated primarily from the wild diploid species Musa acuminata (A genome) and Musa balbisiana (B genome) through intra- and interspecific hybridization and selections via somatic variation. Following the publication of complete A- and B-genome sequences, prospects for complementary studies on S- and T-genome traits, key gene identification for yield, ripening, quality, and stress resistance, and advances in molecular breeding have significantly expanded. In this review, latest research progress on banana A, B, S, and T genomes is briefly summarized, highlighting key advances in banana cytoplasmic inheritance, flower and fruit development, sterility, and parthenocarpy, postharvest ripening and quality regulation, and biotic and abiotic stress resistance associated with desirable economic traits. We provide updates on transgenic, gene editing, and molecular breeding. We also explore future directions for banana breeding and genetic improvement.

Acknowledgements

We thank the editor-in-chief, Prof. Zong-Ming (Max) Cheng, for initiating this review paper. The authors also express their gratitude to the various funding agencies and projects that supported this work, including the National Key Research and Development Program (2024YFD1401103 and 2023YFD2300801), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872161, 32172269, 32172545, U22A20487 and U24A20413), the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (ZDYF2023XDNY179, KJRC2023A04), the project of the National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding (NKLTCB202301, NKLTCB202306, NKLTCBCXTD25 and NKLTCB202314), the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (1630052022007, CATASCXTD202403 and CATASCXTD202309), and China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-31). We acknowledge the use of LetPub ( www.letpub.com.cn) for offering linguistic support in the writing of this manuscript.

Author contributions

J. L. and J.X. planned and designed the review. H.M., J. Z., Y.Z., C.J., and Y. H. outlined and wrote the review, made the tables, and drew the images. J. W., J. Z., P. S., Z. J., Y. Z., S. Z., W. W., and M. R. edited and revised the review.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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