Protective effects of Amaranthus hybridus against aflatoxin B₁ and fumonisin B₁-induced genotoxicity in H4IIE-luc cells

Abstract

Aim: Protective effects of aqueous extract of Amaranthus hybridus against aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and/or fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) on the H4IIE-luc cell line were determined by use of the methyl thiazol tetrazolium viability assay and disruption of DNA integrity.

Methods: H4IIE-luc cells were incubated with different concentrations of AFB₁ and/or FB₁ for 24 and 48 h with or without aqueous extract of A. hybridus.

Results: AFB₁ decreased viability of cells after 24 and 48 h of exposure. EC₅₀ values for AFB₁ were 10.5 and 1.8 µmol/L for the two periods respectively. When the 48 h exposure to mycotoxin repeated with a pre-treatment of 20 and 40 µg/mL extract of A. hybridus, the EC₅₀ changed to 3.88 and 7.67 µmol/L, respectively. H4IIE-luc cells exposed to FB₁ for 24 h responded more than those incubated for 48 h. Cells treated with a combination of AFB₁ and FB₁ were less viable with a significant decrease at the greater concentration. The mixture of AFB₁ and FB₁ resulted in a significant threat to H4IIE-luc as indicated by the absence or appearance of new bands in random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, which demonstrated damage to DNA. The protective effects were probably due to greater content of total phenolics, carotenoids, β-carotene, folic-, linolenic-, linoleic and palmitic acids, as well as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and selenium observed in the extract.

Conclusion: Exposure to 40 μg/ml of extract of A. hybridus protected cells from damage to DNA by stabilizing DNA.

Keywords

Aflatoxin B₁ / Amaranthus hybridus / cytotoxicity / DNA / fumonisin B₁ / hepatoma cells / methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay

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