Liver regeneration: metabolic and epigenetic regulation

Abstract

The liver is bestowed with an extraordinary regenerative capability, which is accomplished by a well-coordinated cellular and molecular response at different phases of regeneration. Metabolism, as the primary function of liver, displays various alterations as a consequence of hepatic insufficiency from an injury. These metabolic perturbations are physiologically relevant for promoting hepatocellular proliferation and regeneration. On the other hand, proliferation of otherwise quiescent hepatocytes and accompanied regeneration are regulated by transient, but precisely regulated transcriptional reprogramming. This phase- cell- and time-specific gene expression is controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Hence, both metabolic and epigenetic changes regulate liver regeneration events. But the cross-talk between metabolic and epigenetic changes for a successful liver regeneration needs to be explored. Since most of the enzymatic players of epigenetic mechanisms rely upon metabolites for their substrates and co-factors, we expect a highly coordinated inter-dependence between metabolism and epigenetics during liver regeneration too. In the present review, we discuss various metabolic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms for liver regeneration, and put forward the possible metabolic-epigenetic-liver regeneration link for a better understanding of the process and identification of novel targets for liver-related diseases in clinical settings.

Keywords

Liver regeneration / Metabolic regulation / Epigenetic regulation

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