Direct acting antivirals therapy and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with hepatitis C virus

Abstract

The estimated number of people with active hepatitis C virus infection worldwide is about 70 million. The estimated number of people with active hepatitis C virus infection worldwide is about 70 million. Approximately 30% of infected individuals develop cirrhosis, whilst some develop liver cancer, the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Currently available treatments, high-efficacy antiviral agents mostly short-term (8-12 weeks) and pangenotypic, have efficacy rates of over 96%. Some patients, especially those with cirrhosis, develop primary liver cancer even after effective hepatitis C virus treatment. In order to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma early, patients at risk should be enrolled in a surveillance program.

Keywords

Hepatitis C virus / direct acting antivirals treatment / oncogenesis

References

[1] The World Organization. Hepatits C fact sheet. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c07.04.202. [Last accessed on 7 Apr 2020]

[2] Bartenschlager R,Penin F.The molecular and structural basis of advanced antiretroviral therapy for hepatits virus C infection..Nat Rev Microbiol2013;11:482-96

[3] Patin E,Guergnon J,Nalps B.Genome-wide association study identifies variants associated with progression of liver fibrosis from HCV infection..Gastroenterology2012;143:1244-52.e12 PMCID:PMC3756935

[4] Westbrook RH.Natural history of hepatits C..J Hepatol2014;61:58-68

[5] Nault JC,Pilati C,Bioulac-Sage P.High frequency of telomerase reverse-transcriptase promoter somatic mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions..Nat Commun2013;4:2281 PMCID:PMC3731665

[6] Kao CF,Chen JY.Modulation of 53 transcription regulatory activity and post-translational modification by hepatits C virus core protein..Oncogene2004;23:2472-83

[7] European Association for the Study of the LiverEASL recommendation on treatment of hepatits C 2018..J Hepatol2018;69:461-511

[8] Ghany MG.Hepatitis C guidance 2019 update: American association for the study of liver diseases-infectious diseases society of america recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C virus infection..Hepatology2020;71:686-721

[9] Butt AS,Abid S.Impact of direct acting antivirals on occurence and reccurence of hepatocellular carcinoma: Biologically plausible or an epiphenomenon?.World J Hepatol2018;10:267-76 PMCID:PMC5838445

[10] Kobzial K,Schwarzer R,Al-Zoairy R.Unexpected high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with sustained virologic responce following interfeon - free direct-acting antiviral treatment..J Hepatol2016;65:856-8

[11] Kanwal F,Asch SM,Cao Y.Risk of hepatocellular cancer in HCV patients treated with direct-acting antiviral agents..Gstroenterology2017;153:996-1005.e1

[12] Sinagl AG,Knawal F.AGA clinical practice update on interaction between oral direct- acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma: expert review..Gastoenterology2019;145:2149-57 PMCID:PMC6529246

[13] Ioannou GN.What are the benefits of a sustained virologic responce to direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus infection?.Gastroenterology2019;156:446-60.e2

[14] Nagata H,Asahina Y,Asano Y.Effect of interferon-based and -free therapy on early occurence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronić hepatitis C..J Hepatol2017;67:933-9

[15] Cabibbo G,Calvaruso V,Cannavo MR.Is early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV cirrhotic patients affected by treatment with direct-acting antivirals? A prospective multicentre study..Aliment Pharmacol Ther2017;46:688-95

[16] Singal AG,Metha N,Pillai A.Direct-acting antiviral therapy not associated with recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in a multicenter North American cohort study..Gastroenterology2019;156:1683-92.e1 PMCID:PMC6598433