In situ Rb-Sr insights in the cooling history of the Petermann Orogeny, Central Australia

Abstract

The Ediacaran-Cambrian Petermann Orogen is a dextral transpressional orogen exposed in central Australia, which facilitated the exhumation of a high-pressure core and the deformation of the Neoproterozoic-Palaeozoic Amadeus Basin. Several studies have investigated the metamorphic and deformational evolution of the Petermann Orogen; however, the spatiotemporal variation of the deformation and cooling history is yet to be fully understood. In situ muscovite and biotite Rb-Sr geochronology, in combination with Ti-in-quartz thermometry is applied to map the spatiotemporal deformation and cooling patterns of the northern part of the Petermann Orogen. Interpreted muscovite Rb-Sr growth ages obtained from samples in the Petermann Nappe Complex (PNC), range between c. 598 Ma and 565 Ma, which correlate with the timing of deformation during the 600-520 Ma Petermann Orogeny. Interpreted muscovite and biotite cooling ages are younger in the east of the PNC (c. 556-541 Ma) and broadly correlate with the regional pattern of crustal heat production, suggesting that the geothermal gradient had a significant control on the timing and duration of cooling. Biotite Rb-Sr cooling ages between c. 555 Ma and 497 Ma for the orogenic core show no correlation with high heat production areas, however, differences in exhumed crustal levels across the Petermann Orogen are observed: high-P granulite facies rocks in the orogenic core vs middle-upper crustal rocks in the PNC, indicating that at least part of the spatiotemporal variation of cooling ages can be attributed to differential exhumation during the Petermann Orogeny. Hence, crustal heat production and differential exhumation were likely the main controlling factors on the duration and variation of cooling rates in the Petermann Orogen.

Keywords

Rb-Sr / LA-ICP-MS/MS / Heat production / Cooling / Petermann Orogen

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Alejandra Bedoya: Writing - review & editing, Writing - orig-inal draft, Visualization, Investigation, Formal analysis, Conceptu-alization. Stijn Glorie: Writing - review & editing, Writing -original draft, Validation, Supervision, Methodology, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization. Martin Hand: Writing - review & editing, Validation, Supervision, Conceptualization. Christopher L. Kirkland: Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition. Alexander T. De Vries Van Leeuwen: Writing - review & editing, Methodology, Investigation.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Stijn Glorie is an Associate Editor for this journal and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article.

Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by the Mineral Exploration Coop-erative Research Centre whose activities are funded by the Aus-tralian Government's Cooperative Research Centre Program. This is MinEx CRC Document 2025/06. Sarah Gilbert and Paul Olin are thanked for contributing expertise to the LA-ICP-MS/MS methods and instrument setup.

Appendix A. Supplementary data

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102080.

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