Clinical medication guidance for hypertension personalization through pharmacogenomic research and analysis

Abstract

Objective We investigated the distribution of polymorphisms in five hypertension-related drug-target genes including cytochrome P450 2C9*3 (CYP2C9 *3), angiotensin II receptor type 1(AGTR1) (1166 A>C), cytochrome P450 2D6 * 10 (CYP2D6 *10), β1-adrenergic receptors (ADRB1) (1165 G>C), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE I/D) in patients with hypertension in Beijing. The study aimed to provide a theoretical basis that will guide the application of personalized hypertensive therapy in this population and develop more targeted prevention and treatment strategies for hypertension and other chronic disease in different regions.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 317 patients with hypertension from Beijing who were admitted to Peking University People’s Hospital from October 2021 to January 2024. The polymorphisms of five genes associated with Class A and B antihypertensive drugs were detected through real-time fluorescence PCR. In addition, we explored the distribution of different genotypes in the patient population while considering gender and comorbidities.

Results We obtained a significant difference in ADRB1(1165 G>C) between males and females, and the allele mutation frequency of ACE I/D was found to be higher in the Beijing population.

Conclusion Most hypertensive patients in the Beijing region carry a high frequency of CYP2D6 * 10, ADRB1(1165 G>C), and ACE I/D genes, implying that they might be more sensitive to β-blockers, potentially benefitting more from ACEI drugs. The high allele frequencies of CYP2D6 * 10, ADRB1(1165 G>C), and ACE I/D in Beijing hypertensive patients indicate enhanced sensitivity to β-blockers and good therapeutic response to ACE inhibitors. Therefore, clinicians need to account for these factors when prescribing the aforementioned medications.

Keywords

Hypertension / Genetic polymorphism / Personalized therapy / CYP2C9 * 3 / ADRB1(1165 G>C) / CYP2D6 * 10 / AGTR1(1166 A>C) / ACE I/D

Funding sources

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Authors’ Contribution

Qian Ren: study concept and design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript. Shoulei Wang: collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and writing of the manuscript. Yansong Ren: study concept and design, revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Chang Liu: study concept and design, revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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