Conceptualising a model for understanding socio-cultural and spatial factors in housing: Insights from a systematic scoping review

Abstract

Fulfilling socio-cultural needs is crucial for resident's satisfaction, quality of life, and sustainable development. The relationship between socio-cultural dynamics and housing preferences and forms has long been central to architectural and environment-behaviour research. However, a holistic understanding of the socio-cultural and spatial factors associated with housing remains limited. This systematic scoping review synthesised knowledge from 141 peer-reviewed articles across 40 countries to identify these key factors and their interconnections. The review identified nine socio-cultural and six spatial factor groups, each including multiple sub-factors. These factors were then incorporated into a conceptual model that illustrates their interrelationships and collective influence on housing design. The findings confirmed the complex relationship between culture and housing, encompassing a wide range of factors. By applying the Shannon entropy weighting method, regional mapping, and similarity analysis, the review assessed the variability of these factors across various countries to guide designers and policymakers. Notably, "values, norms, standards, and expectations" among sociocultural factors and "spatial arrangements" among spatial factors showed broader applicability across various countries in the culture-housing relationship. The review concluded by highlighting important avenues for future research and advocating for a holistic, balanced approach to understanding the evolving interplay between culture and housing in research and practice.

Keywords

Culture / Socio-cultural dynamics / Housing preferences / House form / Systematic review / Conceptual model

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