To achieve fire prevention in heritage buildings, it is crucial to identify, analyse, and assess fire risks prior to fires due to the complexity of fire causes and risk factors influenced by various aspects such as environmental factors, building material characteristics, layout and management/maintenance practices. For building-specific fire risk identification, fire process simulation models constructed based on quantifying various fire risk elements are needed. Some studies have found that indoor microclimate has different degrees of influence on the fire development process, but there is a lack of relevant modelling. Taking the Grand Hall of Baoguo Monastery in Ningbo as an example, 32 fire operating conditions were simulated using the Fire Dynamics Simulator based on the monitoring environment data collected in the hall. The results revealed that the building structural nodes had higher fire risks, the wind direction significantly affected fire spread in the hall, ambient temperature could influence the fire development rate, smoke was more easily detected at the ceiling, and except for the temperature change (P < 0.01), the other indicators did not differ significantly across environmental conditions. Subsequently, a fire detector installation strategy with temperature, CO concentration and smoke detectors as detection indicators was proposed.
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