Comparative analysis of chromosome segregation in human, yeasts and trypanosome

Abstract

Chromosome segregation is a tightly regulated process through which duplicated genetic materials are equally partitioned into daughter cells. During the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanism of chromosome segregation using animals and yeasts as model systems. Recently, new insights into chromosome segregation have gradually emerged using trypanosome, an early branching parasitic protozoan, as a model organism. To uncover the unique aspects of chromosome segregation in trypanosome, which potentially could serve as new drug targets for anti-trypanosome chemotherapy, it is necessary to perform a comparative analysis of the chromosome segregation machinery between trypanosome and its human host. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge about chromosome segregation in human and Trypanosoma brucei, with a focus on the regulation of cohesin and securin degradation triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). We also include yeasts in our comparative analysis since some of the original discoveries were made using budding and fission yeasts as the model organisms and, therefore, these could provide hints about the evolution of the machinery. We highlight both common and unique features in these model systems and also provide perspectives for future research in trypanosome.

Keywords

cohesin / separase / securin / anaphase promoting complex / spindle assembly checkpoint / Trypanosoma brucei

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Acknowledgements

We apologize to our colleagues whose work could not be cited due to space constraints. Work in the Li laboratory is supported by NIH grants R01AI101437 and R21AI093897.

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2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg