Cytoplasmic dynein-2: from molecules to human diseases

Abstract

The dynein motor protein family is involved in a wide variety of functions in eukaryotic cells. The axonemal dynein class and cytoplasmic dynein-1 subclass have been well characterized. However, the cytoplasmic dynein-2 subclass of the family has only recently begun to be understood. We describe the entire dynein family but focus on cytoplasmic dynein-2. Dynein-2 consists of a heavy, an intermediate, a light intermediate, and a light chain. The complex appears to function primarily as the retrograde motor for intraflagellar transport. This process is important for the formation and maintenance of cilia and flagella. Additionally, dynein-2 has roles in the control of ciliary length and in non-ciliary functions. Mutations in the human dynein-2 heavy chain lead to cilia-related diseases.

Keywords

cilia / dynein / flagella / intraflagellar transport / microtubule

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Acknowledgments

We thank all the past and present members of the Asai and Wilkes laboratories who have contributed to our knowledge of cytoplasmic dynein-2 in Tetrahymena, Paramecium, and rat. Our laboratory is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.

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2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg