Genetic mechanism of deep zeolite-rich reservoirs: a case study of the Lower Wuerhe Formation in Junggar Basin

Abstract

With continued exploration and the increased need for energy resources, deep reservoirs have gradually become the main target of oil and gas exploration in recent years. The Lower Wuerhe Formation on the northern slope of the Central Depression of the Junggar Basin has a high-quality, deep, glutenite (coarse-grained clastic) reservoir at depths greater than 4500 m. However, its genetic mechanism remains unclear. Here, we improve our understanding of the origin of this deep reservoir by performing comprehensive investigations via thin section analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, electron probe analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and whole-rock carbon and oxygen isotope analysis. The results reveal that the deep reservoir lithology within the study area comprises primarily gray-white gravelly gritstone and conglomerate. Zeolite cement is predominant, and secondary dissolution pores are the primary type of reservoir space in deep reservoirs. The Lower Wuerhe Formation has experienced significant compaction in the study area. Debris flow microfacies serve as the prevailing sedimentary microfacies containing substantial amounts of laumontite. The effect of dissolution of organic acids on laumontite is pivotal in the formation of high-quality deep reservoirs in the study area. These findings serve as valuable references for the genesis of deep zeolite-rich reservoirs in the Central Depression of the Junggar Basin and other areas worldwide.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

deep reservoirs / laumontite / organic acid fluids / Lower Wuerhe Formation / Junggar Basin / genesis

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