Geological modeling of coalbed methane reservoirs in the tectonically deformed coal seam group in the Dahebian block, western Guizhou, China

Abstract

The widely spread Carboniferous-Permian coal seam group in southern China has great potential for coalbed methane resources, but the extensively developed tectonically deformed coal seriously restricts its development. Taking the Dahebian block in western Guizhou as the study area, the geological model of coalbed methane reservoirs in the tectonically deformed coal seam group was established, and the spatial distribution pattern of model parameters was clarified by clustering algorithms and factor analysis. The facies model suggests that the main coal body structures in Nos. 1, 4, and 7 coal seams are cataclastic coal and granulated coal, whereas the No. 11 coal seam is dominated by granulated coal, which has larger thicknesses and spreads more continuously. The in situ permeability of primary undeformed coal, cataclastic coal, granulated coal, and mylonitized coal reservoirs are 0.333 mD, 0.931 mD, 0.146 mD, and 0.099 mD, respectively, according to the production performance analysis method. The property model constructed by facies-controlled modeling reveals that Nos. 1, 4, and 7 coal seams have a wider high-permeability area, but the gas content is lower; the high-permeability area in the No. 11 coal seam is more limited, but the gas content is higher. The results of the self-organizing map neural network and K-means clustering indicate that the geological model can be divided into 6 clusters, the model parameter characteristics of the 6 clusters are summarized by data analysis in combination with 6 factors extracted by factor analysis, and the application of data analysis results in multi-layer coalbed methane co-development is presented. This study provides ideas for the geological modeling in the tectonically deformed coal seam group and its data analysis.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

geological modeling / tectonically deformed coal / coal seam group / clustering algorithm / Dahebian block, western Guizhou

References

[1] Ahamed M A A, Perera M S A, Li D, Ranjith P G, Matthai S K (2019). Proppant damage mechanisms in coal seam reservoirs during the hydraulic fracturing process: a review.Fuel, 253: 615–629

[2] Awotunde A A (2017). GLOCAL: a global-local optimization template for multiple history-matched reservoir parameters.J Petrol Sci Eng, 154: 1–18

[3] Brentan B, Meirelles G, Luvizotto J E Jr, Izquierdo J (2018). Hybrid SOM+ k-Means clustering to improve planning, operation and management in water distribution systems.Environ Model Softw, 106: 77–88

[4] Cao D, Wang A, Ning S, Li H, Guo A, Chen L, Liu K, Tan J, Zheng Z (2020). Coalfield structure and structural controls on coal in China.Int J Coal Sci Technol, 7(2): 220–239

[5] ChenJ, PengR, LiS, ChenX (2017). Self-organizing feature map neural network and K-means algorithm as a data excavation tool for obtaining geological information from regional geochemical exploration data. Geophys Geochem Explor, 41: 919–927 (in Chinese)

[6] Chen T, Wang Z, Yang G, Li J, Peng R (2014). Analysis of cavitation pressure difference during blowdown in CBM cavity completion.J Nat Gas Sci Eng, 18: 175–179

[7] ChengY, LeiY (2021). Causality between tectonic coal and coal and gas outbursts. J China Coal Soc, 46: 180–198 (in Chinese)

[8] Cheng Y, Pan Z (2020). Reservoir properties of Chinese tectonic coal: a review.Fuel, 260: 116350

[9] Choi B Y, Yun S T, Kim K H, Kim J W, Kim H M, Koh Y K (2014). Hydrogeochemical interpretation of South Korean groundwater monitoring data using self-organizing maps.J Geochem Explor, 137: 73–84

[10] Davies D L, Bouldin D W (1979). A cluster separation measure.IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell, PAMI-1(2): 224–227

[11] Dong J, Cheng Y, Hu B, Hao C, Tu Q, Liu Z (2018). Experimental study of the mechanical properties of intact and tectonic coal via compression of a single particle.Powder Technol, 325: 412–419

[12] Dunlop E C, Salmachi A, McCabe P J (2020). Investigation of increasing hydraulic fracture conductivity within producing ultra-deep coal seams using time-lapse rate transient analysis: a long-term pilot experiment in the Cooper Basin, Australia.Int J Coal Geol, 220: 103363

[13] Fu X, Qin Y, Wang G, Rudolph V (2009). Evaluation of coal structure and permeability with the aid of geophysical logging technology.Fuel, 88(11): 2278–2285

[14] GB/T 30050-2013 (2013). Classification of Coal Structure. National Standards of the People’s Republic of China (in Chinese)

[15] Guo C, Qin Y, Wu C, Lu L (2020). Hydrogeological control and productivity modes of coalbed methane commingled production in multi-seam areas: a case study of the Bide–Santang Basin, western Guizhou, south China.J Petrol Sci Eng, 189: 107039

[16] GuoD, HanD, ZhangJ (2002). Research on the occurrence and distribution of structural coal in Pingdingshan coal district. J China Coal Soc, 27: 249–253 (in Chinese)

[17] Hamdi H (2014). Well-test response in stochastic permeable media.J Petrol Sci Eng, 119: 169–184

[18] Huang H, Sang S, Fang L, Li G, Xu H, Ren B (2010). Optimum location of surface wells for remote pressure relief coalbed methane drainage in mining areas.Mining Sci Techn (China), 20(2): 230–237

[19] Jiang W, Zhang P, Li D, Li Z, Wang J, Duan Y, Wu J, Liu N (2022). Reservoir characteristics and gas production potential of deep coalbed methane: insights from the No. 15 coal seam in shouyang block, Qinshui Basin, China.Unconventional Resour, 2: 12–20

[20] JuY, WangG, HuC (2002). Tectonic deformation and its control over thickness of coal seams in Haizi Coal Mine. J China Univ Min Technol, 31: 374–379 (in Chinese)

[21] Kalteh A M, Hjorth P, Berndtsson R (2008). Review of the self-organizing map (SOM) approach in water resources: analysis, modelling and application.Environ Model Softw, 23(7): 835–845

[22] Karacan C Ö (2013). Production history matching to determine reservoir properties of important coal groups in the Upper Pottsville formation, Brookwood and Oak Grove fields, Black Warrior Basin, Alabama.J Nat Gas Sci Eng, 10: 51–67

[23] Kohonen T (1982). Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps.Biol Cybern, 43(1): 59–69

[24] KohonenT (1995). Self-Organizing Maps. New York: Springer

[25] LangZ (2001). Mechanics of oil and gas flow in porous media. Dongying: Petroleum University Press

[26] Langmuir I (1918). The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum.J Am Chem Soc, 40(9): 1361–1403

[27] LiC, PengC, ZhuS (2013). Coalbed methane is adsorption gas underground. Lithologic Reservoirs, 25: 112–115+122 (in Chinese)

[28] Li F, Jiang B, Cheng G, Song Y, Tang Z (2019). Structural and evolutionary characteristics of pores-microfractures and their influence on coalbed methane exploitation in high-rank brittle tectonically deformed coals of the Yangquan mining area, northeastern Qinshui Basin, China.J Petrol Sci Eng, 174: 1290–1302

[29] Li M, Wen Q, Zhang Y, Chen Z (2022c). New insights into the transformation of effluent organic matter during Fe(II)-assisted advanced oxidation processes: parallel factor analysis coupled with self-organizing maps.Water Res, 221: 118789

[30] Li S, Tang D, Pan Z, Xu H, Guo L (2015). Evaluation of coalbed methane potential of different reservoirs in western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan, China.Fuel, 139: 257–267

[31] Li W, Jiang B, Moore T A, Wang G, Liu J G, Song Y (2017a). Characterization of the chemical structure of tectonically deformed coals.Energy Fuels, 31(7): 6977–6985

[32] Li Y, Pan S, Ning S, Shao L, Jing Z, Wang Z (2022a). Coal measure metallogeny: metallogenic system and implication for resource and environment.Sci China Earth Sci, 65(7): 1211–1228

[33] Li Y, Wang Z, Tang S, Elsworth D (2022b). Re-evaluating adsorbed and free methane content in coal and its ad-and desorption processes analysis.Chem Eng J, 428: 131946

[34] Li Y, Zhang C, Tang D, Gan Q, Niu X, Wang K, Shen R (2017b). Coal pore size distributions controlled by the coalification process: an experimental study of coals from the Junggar, Ordos and Qinshui basins in China.Fuel, 206: 352–363

[35] Liu J, Chang S, Zhang S, Li Y, Chen Q (2022). Integrated seismic–geological prediction of tectonic coal via main controlling factors.Acta Geophys, 70(1): 173–190

[36] Liu J, Jiang B, Li M, Qu Z, Wang L, Li L (2015). Structural control on pore-fracture characteristics of coals from Xinjing coal mine, northeastern Qinshui Basin, China.Arab J Geosci, 8(7): 4421–4431

[37] MacQueenJ (1967). Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 1: Statistics: 281–297

[38] Mukherjee A (1997). Self-organizing neural network for identification of natural modes.J Comput Civ Eng, 11(1): 74–77

[39] Pan J, Niu Q, Wang K, Shi X, Li M (2016). The closed pores of tectonically deformed coal studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and liquid nitrogen adsorption.Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 224: 245–252

[40] QinY, GaoD (2012). Prediction of Evaluation of Coalbed Methane Resources Potential in Guizhou Province. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology Press (in Chinese)

[41] Qin Y, Moore T A, Shen J, Yang Z, Shen Y, Wang G (2018). Resources and geology of coalbed methane in China: a review.Int Geol Rev, 60(5–6): 777–812

[42] Salmachi A, Dunlop E, Rajabi M, Yarmohammadtooski Z, Begg S (2019). Investigation of permeability change in ultradeep coal seams using time-lapse pressure transient analysis: a pilot project in the Cooper Basin, Australia.AAPG Bull, 103(1): 91–107

[43] Salmachi A, Haghighi M (2012). Temperature effect on methane sorption and diffusion in coal: application for thermal recovery from coal seam gas reservoirs.APPEA J, 52(1): 291–300

[44] Salmachi A, Rajabi M, Wainman C, Mackie S, McCabe P, Camac B, Clarkson C (2021). History, geology, in situ stress pattern, gas content and permeability of coal seam gas basins in Australia: a review.Energies, 14(9): 2651

[45] Sang S, Xu H, Fang L, Li G, Huang H (2010). Stress relief coalbed methane drainage by surface vertical wells in China.Int J Coal Geol, 82(3–4): 196–203

[46] SangS, ZhouZ, LiuS, WangH, CaoL, LiuH, LiZ, ZhuS, LiuC, HuangH, XuH, WangR, JiangJ, Ashutosh T, HanS (2020). Research advances in theory and technology of the stress release applied extraction of coalbed methane from tectonically deformed coals. J China Coal Soc, 45: 2531–2543 (in Chinese)

[47] Santos M R, Roisenberg A, Iwashita F, Roisenberg M (2020). Hydrogeochemical spatialization and controls of the Serra Geral Aquifer System in southern Brazil: a regional approach by self-organizing maps and k-means clustering.J Hydrol (Amst), 591: 125602

[48] ShenY, QinY, GuoY, RenH, WeiZ, XieG (2012). The Upper Permian coalbed methane bearing system and its sedimentary control in western Guizhou, China. Geol J Chin Univ, 18: 427–432 (in Chinese)

[49] Shi J, Wang S, Wang K, Liu C, Wu S, Sepehrnoori K (2019). An accurate method for permeability evaluation of undersaturated coalbed methane reservoirs using early dewatering data.Int J Coal Geol, 202: 147–160

[50] Shi J, Wang S, Zhang H, Sun Z, Hou C, Chang Y, Xu Z (2018). A novel method for formation evaluation of undersaturated coalbed methane reservoirs using dewatering data.Fuel, 229: 44–52

[51] Shi J, Wu J, Sun Z, Xiao Z, Liu C, Sepehrnoori K (2020). Methods for simultaneously evaluating reserve and permeability of undersaturated coalbed methane reservoirs using production data during the dewatering stage.Petrol Sci, 17(4): 1067–1086

[52] Sibbit A M, Faivre O (1985). The dual laterolog response in fractured rocks.SPWLA 26th Annual Logging Symposium, Dallas: Texas

[53] Skoczylas N, Dutka B, Sobczyk J (2014). Mechanical and gaseous properties of coal briquettes in terms of outburst risk.Fuel, 134: 45–52

[54] Song C, Zhi S, Feng G, Lin J (2021). Enhancing potential of hydrofracturing in mylonitic coal by biocementation.Energy Sci Eng, 9(4): 565–576

[55] Syakur M A, Khotimah B K, Rochman E M S, Satoto B D (2018). Integration k-means clustering method and elbow method for identification of the best customer profile cluster.IOP Conf Series Mater Sci Eng, 336: 012017

[56] Tao S, Chen S, Pan Z (2019). Current status, challenges, and policy suggestions for coalbed methane industry development in China: a review.Energy Sci Eng, 7(4): 1059–1074

[57] Urych T, Głogowska M, Warzecha R, Wątor A, Chećko J (2019). 3D model of hard coal deposit and analysis of the possibility of using it to plan deposit management.Int Multidiscip Sci Geoconf SGEM, 19: 3–13

[58] Vaziri H H, Palmer I D (1998). Evaluation of openhole cavity completion technique in coalbed methane reservoirs.Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 35(4–5): 523–524

[59] VesantoJ, Himberg J, AlhoniemiE, ParhankagasJ (2000). SOM Toolbox for Matlab 5, Report A57

[60] Wang H, Shao L, Hao L, Zhang P, Glasspool I J, Wheeley J R, Wignall P B, Yi T, Zhang M, Hilton J (2011). Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Lopingian (Late Permian) coal measures in southwestern China.Int J Coal Geol, 85(1): 168–183

[61] Wang L, Lu Z, Chen D, Liu Q, Chu P, Shu L, Ullah B, Wen Z (2020). Safe strategy for coal and gas outburst prevention in deep-and-thick coal seams using a soft rock protective layer mining.Saf Sci, 129: 104800

[62] Wang Y, Liu D, Cai Y, Yao Y, Zhou Y (2018). Evaluation of structured coal evolution and distribution by geophysical logging methods in the Gujiao Block, northwest Qinshui Basin, China.J Nat Gas Sci Eng, 51: 210–222

[63] Xu H, Sang S, Fang L, Huang H, Ren B (2011). Failure characteristics of surface vertical wells for relieved coal gas and their influencing factors in Huainan mining area.Mining Sci Tech (China), 21(1): 83–88

[64] XuH, SangS, YangJ, Chen J (2016). Status and expectation on coalbed methane exploration and development in Guizhou Province. Coal Sci Techn, 44: 1–7+196 (in Chinese)

[65] YangR, HuangZ, LiG, ChenJ, WenH, QinX (2022). Feasibility investigation of hydraulic jet multistage cavity completion in coalbed methane horizontal wells. J China Coal Soc, 47: 3284–3297 (in Chinese)

[66] Yang W, Lin B, Qu Y, Li Z, Zhai C, Jia L, Zhao W (2011). Stress evolution with time and space during mining of a coal seam.Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 48(7): 1145–1152

[67] Yang Z, Zhang Z, Qin Y, Wu C, Yi T, Li Y, Tang J, Chen J (2018). Optimization methods of production layer combination for coalbed methane development in multi-coal seams.Pet Explor Dev, 45(2): 312–320

[68] Yuan L (2015). Theory and practice of integrated coal production and gas extraction.Int J Coal Sci Technol, 2(1): 3–11

[69] Zhang X, Du Z, Li P (2017). Physical characteristics of high-rank coal reservoirs in different coal-body structures and the mechanism of coalbed methane production.Sci China Earth Sci, 60(2): 246–255

[70] Zhao Y, Shi Z, Hao S, Liu J, Yang Z, Wang S (2014). Well completion technology using screen pipe for horizontally-intersected well in soft coal seam.Procedia Eng, 73: 311–317

[71] Zhou F, Allinson G, Wang J, Sun Q, Xiong D, Cinar Y (2012). Stochastic modelling of coalbed methane resources: a case study in Southeast Qinshui Basin, China.Int J Coal Geol, 99: 16–26

[72] Zhou F, Guan Z (2016). Uncertainty in estimation of coalbed methane resources by geological modelling.J Nat Gas Sci Eng, 33: 988–1001

[73] Zhu S, Salmachi A, Du Z (2018). Two phase rate-transient analysis of a hydraulically fractured coal seam gas well: a case study from the Ordos Basin, China.Int J Coal Geol, 195: 47–60

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press