Simulating CO₂ profiles using NIES TM and comparison with HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations

Abstract

We present a study on validation of the National Institute for Environmental Studies Transport Model (NIES TM) by comparing to observed vertical profiles of atmospheric CO₂. The model uses a hybrid sigma-isentropic (σ–θ) vertical coordinate that employs both terrain-following and isentropic parts switched smoothly in the stratosphere. The model transport is driven by reanalyzed meteorological fields and designed to simulate seasonal and diurnal cycles, synoptic variations, and spatial distributions of atmospheric chemical constituents in the troposphere. The model simulations were run for combination of biosphere, fossil fuel, air-ocean exchange, biomass burning and inverse correction fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) by GOSAT Level 4 product. We compared the NIES TM simulated fluxes with data from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) Merged 10-s Meteorology, Atmospheric Chemistry, and Aerosol Data, including HIPPO-1, HIPPO-2 and HIPPO-3 from 128.0°E to 84.0°W, and 87.0°N to 67.2°S. The simulation results were compared with CO₂ observations made in January and November, 2009, and March and April, 2010. The analysis attests that the model is sufficient to simulate vertical profiles with errors within 1–2 ppmv, except for the lower stratosphere in the Northern hemisphere high latitudes.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

HIPPO / CO₂ / simulation / vertical profile / NIES-TM

Ci SONG is a lecturer of College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, she was a post-doctor of School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University from 2018 to 2021. She received her B.S. in mathematics and applied mathematics from Henan Normal University in 2008, M.S. in mathematics and applied mathematics from East China Normal University and Ph.D. in physical geography from East China Normal University. Her research interests include remote sensing information processing and application, remote sensing mechanism and radiation transmission

Shamil MAKSYUTOV is a researcher at Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan. He was a sub-leader at Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science Technology from 2002 to 2005, a visiting researcher at National Institute for Environmental Studies from 1990 to 2000, a researcher at Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia. He had been studying in Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology from 1974 to 1983. His research interests include GHG observations and analysis and CO₂ transport modeling

Jiong SHU is currently a professor of climatology at the Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, East China Normal University. He was an Honor Research Fellow at the University of Liverpool, UK, in 1999, after which he was employed as a Professor at the College of Resources and Environmental Science, East China Normal University in 2000. He joined the Key Laboratory of Geographical Information Science, Ministry of Education, in 2002 as the director until December 2009. His research interests include climate change and environmental remote sensing

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge NSF, EOL of NCAR and NOAA which supported the collection of the original HIPPO data. This project was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB951603). The computation was supported by the High Performance Computer Center of East China Normal University. We thank the team members of the Biogeochemical Cycle Modeling and Analysis Section of National Institute for Environment Studies, Tsukuba, Japan for providing expert advice and assistance. The GOSAT Level 4 data made available by GOSAT project.

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