Simulating CO₂ profiles using NIES TM and comparison with HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations

Abstract

We present a study on validation of the National Institute for Environmental Studies Transport Model (NIES TM) by comparing to observed vertical profiles of atmospheric CO₂. The model uses a hybrid sigma-isentropic (σ–θ) vertical coordinate that employs both terrain-following and isentropic parts switched smoothly in the stratosphere. The model transport is driven by reanalyzed meteorological fields and designed to simulate seasonal and diurnal cycles, synoptic variations, and spatial distributions of atmospheric chemical constituents in the troposphere. The model simulations were run for combination of biosphere, fossil fuel, air-ocean exchange, biomass burning and inverse correction fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) by GOSAT Level 4 product. We compared the NIES TM simulated fluxes with data from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) Merged 10-s Meteorology, Atmospheric Chemistry, and Aerosol Data, including HIPPO-1, HIPPO-2 and HIPPO-3 from 128.0°E to 84.0°W, and 87.0°N to 67.2°S. The simulation results were compared with CO₂ observations made in January and November, 2009, and March and April, 2010. The analysis attests that the model is sufficient to simulate vertical profiles with errors within 1–2 ppmv, except for the lower stratosphere in the Northern hemisphere high latitudes.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

HIPPO / CO₂ / simulation / vertical profile / NIES-TM

References

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