Lithotectonic elements of Archean basement on the Liaodong Peninsula and its vicinity, North China Craton, China

Abstract

The Liaodong Peninsula, in the northeastern part of the Eastern Block in the North China Craton, China, consists of lithologic units from Archean to Cenozoic in age. The basement rocks consist of widespread amphibolite- to granulite-facies Archean supracrustal assemblages and granitoid gneisses, as well as Paleoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary successions that were intruded by granitic–mafic complexes, and then metamorphosed under greenschist- to amphibolite-facies conditions. The basement rocks are overlain by thick Mesoproterozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary sequences. A synthesis of the available petrological and geochronological data allowed us to establish a geological framework for the Precambrian basement on the Liaodong Peninsula and its vicinity. The basement can be subdivided into three tectonic units: the Neoarchean Liaonan Block, the Eo–Neoarchean Longgang Block, and the intervening Paleoproterozoic Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt. In this paper we delineate the characteristics of an Archean tectonothermal event, and in a companion paper we examine the Paleoproterozoic lithotectonic assemblages. Rock samples of the Hadean eon are rare worldwide, but Hadean zircons have been identified in rocks of the Liaodong Peninsula, and they provide one of the oldest known mineralogical records on Earth. The Archean gneisses in the Liaonan Block are dominated by quartz dioritic–granodioritic gneisses that were emplaced between 2.55 and 2.44 Ga, and these rocks later underwent a lower-amphibolite-facies metamorphism. On the other hand, the Archean basement in the Longgang Block is dominated by TTG (tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic) and granitic gneisses, charnockites, and small amounts of supracrustal sequences with much older protolith ages of up to 3.85 Ga, and these rocks have undergone amphibolite- to granulite-facies metamorphism. Post-tectonic magmatism (ca. 2.5 Ga) marked the end of the Archean tectonothermal event in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton.

Keywords

Archean / basement / Liaodong Peninsula / North China Craton

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Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous journal reviewers for their constructive comments and careful corrections that led to significant improvement to the manuscript. We express our gratitude to Dr. Yan Zhan, Dr. Zhiwei Wang and Dr. Boran Guo for their discussions. Our work was supported financially by the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (2462017YJRC032), the Science Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing (PRP/indep-4-1702), the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2012CB416603), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41430207 and 90914001).

Supplementary materials

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