Multi-antenna synchronized global navigation satellite system receiver and its advantages in high-precision positioning applications

Abstract

The multi-antenna synchronized global navigation satellite system receiver is a high precision, low cost, and widely used emerging receiver. Using this type of receiver, the satellite and receiver clock errors can be eliminated simultaneously by forming between antenna single-differences, which is equivalent to the conventional double-difference model. However, current multi-antenna synchronized global navigation satellite system receiver products have not fully realized their potential to achieve better accuracy, efficiency, and broader applications. This paper introduces the conceptual design and derivable products of multi-antenna synchronized global navigation satellite system receivers involving the aspects of attitude determination, multipath effect mitigation, phase center variation correction, and ground-based carrier phase wind-up calibration. Through case studies, the advantages of multi-antenna synchronized global navigation satellite system receivers in high-precision positioning applications are demonstrated.

Keywords

multi-antenna synchronized global navigation satellite system receiver / high-precision positioning / attitude determination / multipath effect mitigation / phase center variation correction / ground-based carrier phase wind-up calibration

References

[1] Alber C, Ware R, Rocken C, Braun J (2000). Obtaining single path phase delays from GPS double differences. Geophys Res Lett, 27(17): 2661–2664

[2] Ashtech Inc. (1991). 3DF 24-Channel GPS measurement system. Houston: Ashtech Inc.

[3] Banville S, Tang H (2010). Antenna rotation and its effects on kinematic Precise point positioning. In: Proceedings of ION GNSS-2010. Portland, OR, 2545–2552

[4] Bilich A (2006). Improving the Precision and Accuracy of Geodetic GPS: Applications to Multipath and Seismology. Dissertation for Ph.D degree. Boulder: University of Colorado

[5] Bilich A, Mader G L (2010). GNSS absolute antenna calibration at the National Geodetic Survey. In: Proceedings of ION GNSS-2010. Portland, OR, 1369–1377

[6] Bock Y, Nikolaidis R, de Jonge P J, Bevis M (2000). Instantaneous geodetic positioning at medium distances with the Global Positioning System. J Geophys Res, 105(B12): 28223–28254

[7] Cannon M E, Berry E, King M (1993). Testing a lightweight GPS/ GIS terminal for sub-meter DGPS positioning. In: Proceedings of ION GPS-93. Salt Lake City, UT, 1011–1020

[8] Cannon M E, Lachapelle G (1992). Analysis of a high-performance C/A code GPS receiver in kinematic mode. Navigation, 39(3): 285–300

[9] Choi K, Bilich A, Larson K M, Axelrad P (2004). Modified sidereal filtering: implications for high-rate GPS positioning. Geophys Res Lett, 31(22): L22608

[10] Cohen C E (1992). Attitude Determination Using GPS. Dissertation for Ph.D drgree. Stanford: Stanford University

[11] Cohen C E, Parkinson B W (1991). Mitigating Multipath in GPS-Based Attitude Determination. In: 14th AAS Guidance and Control Conference. Keystone, Colo, 53–68

[12] Dong D N, Chen W, Cai M M, Zhou F, Xia J C, Cheng M F, Yu C, Qiu S(2015a). Attitude determination solution for multi-antenna synchronized GNSS receiver. 201510015460.6.

[13] Dong D N, Chen W, Yu C, Cai M M, Zhou F, Cheng Y N, Cheng M F, Lv J Y, Qiu S (2015b). Azimuth angle determination method from estimated ground-based carrier phase wind-up with multi-antenna synchronized GNSS receiver. 201510096274.X.

[14] Dong D N, Zheng Z Q, Kuang L, Chen W, Wang Y F, Zeng Z, Song L, Zhou F, Cai M M, Zhang Q Q, Xia J C (2014). Multipath hemispherical model (MHM) for multipath mitigation. 201410310467.6.

[15] Fenton P C, Falkenberg B, Ford T, Ng K, Van Dierendonck A J (1991). NoVatel’s GPS receiver-the high performance OEM sensor of the future. In: Proceedings of ION GPS-91. Albuquerque, NM, 49–58

[16] Fuhrmann T, Luo X G, KnöpflerA, Mayer M (2015). Generating statistically robust multipath stacking maps using congruent cells. GPS Solut, 19(1): 83–92

[17] Ge L L, Han S W, Rizos C (2000). Multipath mitigation of continuous GPS measurements using an adaptive filter. GPS Solut, 4(2): 19–30

[18] Ge M, Gendt G, Rothacher M, Shi C, Liu J (2008). Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with daily observations. J Geod, 82(7): 389–399

[19] Genrich J, Bock Y (1992). Rapid resolution of crustal motion at short ranges with the Global Positioning System. J Geophys Res, 97(B3): 3261–3269

[20] Hermann B R (1985). A Simulation of the navigation and orientation potential of the Ti-Agr. Mar Geod, 9(2): 133–143

[21] Keong J, Lachapelle G (2000). Heading and pitch determination using GPS/GLONASS. GPS Solut, 3(3): 26–36

[22] Kouba J, Héroux P (2001). Precise point positioning using IGS orbit and clock products. GPS Solut, 5(2): 12–28

[23] Kruczynski L R, Li P C, Evans A G, Hermann B R (1989). Using GPS to determine vehicle attitude: USS Yorktown test results. In: Proceedings of ION GPS-89. Colorado Springs, 163–171

[24] Larson K M, Bilich A, Axelrad P (2007). Improving the precision of high-rate GPS. J Geophys Res, 112(B5): B05422

[25] Li Y, Zhang K, Roberts C, Murata M (2004). On-the-fly GPS-based attitude determination using single- and double-differenced carrier phase measurements. GPS Solut, 8(2): 93–102

[26] Lu G, Lachapelle G, Cannon M E, Vogel B (1994). Performance analysis of a shipborne gyrocompass with a multi-antenna GPS system. In: Proceedings of IEEE PLANSc94. Las Vegas, 337–343

[27] Mader G (1999). GPS antenna calibration at the national geodetic survey. GPS Solut, 3(1): 50–58

[28] Nee R D J V (1992). The multipath estimating delay lock loop. In: Proceedings of IEEE 2nd Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications. Yokohama, 39–42

[29] Ragheb A E, Clarke P J, Edwards S J (2007). GPS sidereal filtering: coordinate and carrier-phase-level strategies. J Geod, 81(5): 325–335

[30] Rothacher M, Schaer S, Mervart L, Beutler G (1995). Determination of antenna phase center variations using GPS data. In: Proceedings of the IGS Workshop. Potsdam, Germany

[31] Schupler B R, Clark T A, Allshouse R L (1995). Characterizations of GPS user antennas: reanalysis and new results. In: Beutler G et al., eds. GPS Trends in Precise Terrestrial, Airborne, and Spaceborne Applications. IAG Symposia, Vol.115. Boulder, CO, USA: Springer Verlag

[32] Souza E M, Monico J F G (2004). Wavelet shrinkage: high frequency multipath reduction from GPS relative positioning. GPS Solut, 8(3): 152–159

[33] Tetewsky A K, Mullen F E (1997). Carrier phase wrap-up induced by rotating GPS antennas. GPS World, 8(2): 51–57

[34] Teunissen P J G (1995). The least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment: a method for fast GPS integer ambiguity estimation. J Geod, 70(1-2): 65–82

[35] Teunissen P J G, de Jonge P J, Tiberius C C J M (1997). The least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment: its performance on short GPS baselines and short observation spans. J Geod, 71(10): 589–602

[36] Townsend B, Fenton P (1994). A practical approach to the reduction of pseudorange multipath errors in A L1 GPS receiver. In: Proceedings of ION GPS-94, Salt Lake City, 143–148

[37] UNAVCO (1995). Receiver and Antenna Test Report. University Navstar Consortium (UNAVCO) Academic Research Infrastructure (ARI), Boulder, Colorado

[38] Van Dierendonck A J, Fenton P, Ford T (1992). Theory and performance of narrow correlator spacing in a GPS receiver. Navigation, 39(3): 265–283

[39] Wilson G J, Tonnemacher J D (1992). A GPS attitude determination system. J Navig, 45(2): 192–204

[40] Wu J, Wu S, Hajj G, Bertiger W, Lichten S (1993). Effects of antenna orientation on GPS carrier phase. Manuscr Geod, 18(2): 91–98

[41] Wübbena G, Menge F, Schmitz M, Seeber G, Völksen C (1996). A new approach for field calibration of absolute antenna phase center variations. In: Proceedings of ION GPS-96. Kansas City, MO, 1205–1214

[42] Ye S R, Chen D Z, Liu Y Y, Jiang P, Tang W M, Xia P F (2014). Carrier phase multipath mitigation for BeiDou navigation satellite system. GPS Solut, doi: 10.1007/s10291-014-0409-1

[43] Young L, Meehan T (1988). GPS Multipath effect on code-using receiver. In: American Geophysical Union Meeting. Baltimore, MD, USA: 335–343

[44] Zheng D W, Zhong P, Ding X L, Chen W (2005). Filtering GPS time series using a Vondrak filter and cross-validation. J Geod, 79(6‒7): 363–369

[45] Zhong P, Ding X L, Yuan L G, Xu Y L, Kwok K, Chen Y Q (2010). Sidereal filtering based on single differences for mitigating GPS multipath effects on short baselines. J Geod, 84(2): 145–158

[46] Zhou F, Dong D N, Chen W, Cai M M (2015). Isolating fractional phase delays in single differences with common receiver clock. (Submitted to GPS solutions)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg