Inventory of CO₂ emissions driven by energy consumption in Hubei Province: a time-series energy input-output analysis

Abstract

Based on an input-output analysis, this paper compiles inventories of fuel-related CO₂ emissions of Hubei economy in the years of 2002, 2005, and 2007. Results show that calculated total direct CO₂ emissions rose from 114,462.69 kt (2002) to 196,650.31 kt (2005), reaching 210,419.93 kt in 2007, with an average 22.50% rate of increase. Raw coal was the dominant source of the direct emissions throughout the three years. The sector of Electric Power, Heat Production, and Supply was the main direct emissions contributor, with the largest intensities observed from 2002 (1192.97 g/CNY) to 2007 (1739.15 g/CNY). From the industrial perspective, the secondary industry, which is characterized as manufacture of finished products, was still the pillar of the Hubei economy during this period concerned, contributing more than 80% of the total direct emissions. As a net exporter of embodied CO₂ emissions in 2002 and 2007, Hubei reported net-exported emissions of 4109.00 kt and 17,871.77 kt respectively; however, Hubei was once a net importer of CO₂ emissions in 2005 (2511.93 kt). The CO₂ emissions embodied in export and fixed capital formation had the two leading fractions of emissions embodied in the final use. The corresponding countermeasures, such as promoting renewable and clean energy and properly reducing the exports of low value added and carbon-intensive products are suggestions for reducing CO₂ emissions in Hubei.

Keywords

input-output analysis / fuel-related CO₂ emissions / Hubei Province

References

[1] Acquaye A A, Duffy A P (2010). Input–output analysis of Irish construction sector greenhouse gas emissions. Build Environ, 45(3): 784–791

[2] Ahmad N, Wyckoff A (2003). Carbon Dioxide Emissions Embodied in International Trade of Goods. Paris: OECD Publishing

[3] Alcántara V, Padilla E (2009). Input–output subsystems and pollution: an application to the service sector and CO₂ emissions in Spain. Ecol Econ, 68(3): 905–914

[4] CESY (2003). China Energy Statistical Yearbook 2003. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House (in Chinese)

[5] CESY (2006). China Energy Statistical Yearbook 2006. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House (in Chinese)

[6] CESY (2008). China Energy Statistical Yearbook 2008. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House (in Chinese)

[7] CESY (2013). China Energy Statistical Yearbook 2013. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House (in Chinese)

[8] Chen G Q, Chen Z M (2010). Carbon emissions and resources use by Chinese economy 2007: a 135-sector inventory and input–output embodiment. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul, 15(11): 3647–3732

[9] Chen G Q, Zhang B (2010). Greenhouse gas emissions in China 2007: inventory and input–output analysis. Energy Policy, 38(10): 6180–6193

[10] Chen Z M, Chen G Q, Zhou J B, Jiang M M, Chen B (2010). Ecological input-output modeling for embodied resources and emissions in Chinese economy 2005. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul, 15(7): 1942–1965

[11] Chung W S, Tohno S (2009). A time-series energy input-output analysis for building an infrastructure for the energy and environment policy in South Korea. Energy Environ, 20(6): 875–899

[12] Chung W S, Tohno S, Shim S Y (2009). An estimation of energy and GHG emission intensity caused by energy consumption in Korea: an energy IO approach. Appl Energy, 86(10): 1902–1914

[13] CSY (2006). China Statistical Yearbook 2006. National Bureau of Statistics of China

[14] CSY (2007). China Statistical Yearbook 2007. National Bureau of Statistics of China

[15] CSY (2008). China Statistical Yearbook 2008. National Bureau of Statistics of China

[16] Das A, Paul S K (2014). CO₂ emissions from household consumption in India between 1993–94 and 2006–07: a decomposition analysis. Energy Econ, 41: 90–105

[17] Ge J, Lei Y (2014). Carbon emissions from the service sector: an input-output application to Beijing, China. Clim Res, 60(1): 13–24

[18] Geng Y, Zhao H, Liu Z, Xue B, Fujita T, Xi F (2013). Exploring driving factors of energy-related CO₂ emissions in Chinese provinces: a case of Liaoning. Energy Policy, 60: 820–826

[19] Guo S, Liu J B, Shao L, Li J S, An Y R (2012a). Energy-dominated local carbon emissions in Beijing 2007: inventory and input-output analysis. ScientificWorldJournal, 2012: 923183

[20] Guo S, Shao L, Chen H, Li Z, Liu J B, Xu F X, Li S C, Han M Y, Meng J, Chen Z M, Li S C (2012b). Inventory and input–output analysis of CO₂ emissions by fossil fuel consumption in Beijing 2007. Ecol Inform, 12: 93–100

[21] HSY (2003). Hubei Statistical Yearbook 2003. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House (in Chinese)

[22] HSY (2004). Hubei Statistical Yearbook 2004. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House (in Chinese)

[23] HSY (2005). Hubei Statistical Yearbook 2005. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House (in Chinese)

[24] HSY (2006). Hubei Statistical Yearbook 2006. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House (in Chinese)

[25] HSY (2007). Hubei Statistical Yearbook 2007. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House (in Chinese)

[26] HSY (2008). Hubei Statistical Yearbook 2008. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House (in Chinese)

[27] IPCC (2006). The 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Geneva: The Intergovemmental Panel on Climate

[28] Kok R, Benders R M, Moll H C (2006). Measuring the environmental load of household consumption using some methods based on input–output energy analysis: a comparison of methods and a discussion of results. Energy Policy, 34(17): 2744–2761

[29] Lee C F, Lin S J, Lewis C (2001). Devising an integrated methodology for analyzing energy use and CO₂ emissions from Taiwan’s petrochemical industries. J Environ Manage, 63(4): 377–385

[30] Li A J (2007). Input-output analysis of energy efficiency reservation for the case of Hubei Province. Mathematics in Practice and Theory, 13: 010

[31] Li J S, Alsaed A, Hayat T, Chen G Q (2014a). Energy and carbon emission review for Macao’s gaming industry. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 29: 744–753

[32] Li J S, Chen G Q (2013). Energy and greenhouse gas emissions review for Macao. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 22: 23–32

[33] Li J S, Chen G Q, Hayat T, Alsaedi A (2015). Mercury emissions by Beijing’s fossil energy consumption: based on environmentally extended input–output analysis. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 41: 1167–1175

[34] Li J S, Chen G Q, Lai T M, Ahmad B, Chen Z M, Shao L, Ji X (2013). Embodied greenhouse gas emission by Macao. Energy Policy, 59: 819–833

[35] Li J S, Chen G Q, Wu X F, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Ahmad B (2014b). Embodied energy assessment for Macao’s external trade. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 34: 642–653

[36] Li J S, Xia X H, Chen G Q, Alsaedi A, Hayat T (2016). Optimal embodied energy abatement strategy for Beijing economy: based on a three-scale input-output analysis. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53: 1602–1610

[37] Liang S, Zhang T (2011). What is driving CO₂ emissions in a typical manufacturing center of South China? The case of Jiangsu Province. Energy Policy, 39(11): 7078–7083

[38] Liang S, Zhang T, Wang Y, Jia X (2012). Sustainable urban materials management for air pollutants mitigation based on urban physical input–output model. Energy, 42(1): 387–392

[39] Lin S J, Liu C H, Lewis C (2012). CO₂ emission multiplier effects of Taiwan’s electricity sector by input-output analysis. Aerosol Air Qual Res, 12: 180–190

[40] Liu C H, Lenzen M, Murray J (2012). A disaggregated emissions inventory for Taiwan with uses in hybrid input-output life cycle analysis (IO-LCA). Nat Resour Forum, 36(2): 123–141

[41] Liu H, Xi Y, Guo J E, Li X (2010). Energy embodied in the international trade of China: an energy input–output analysis. Energy Policy, 38(8): 3957–3964

[42] Liu H T, Guo J E, Qian D, Xi Y M (2009). Comprehensive evaluation of household indirect energy consumption and impacts of alternative energy policies in China by input–output analysis. Energy Policy, 37(8): 3194–3204

[43] Ma C, Ju M T, Zhang X C, Li H Y (2011). Energy consumption and carbon emissions in a coastal city in China. Procedia Environ Sci, 4: 1–9

[44] Meng F Y, Zhou D Q, Zhou P, Bai Y (2014). Sectoral comparison of electricity-saving potentials in China: an analysis based on provincial input–output tables. Energy, 72: 772–782

[45] Miller R E, Blair P D (2009). Input-output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions. Cambridge University Press

[46] Minx J C, Baiocchi G, Peters G P, Weber C L, Guan D, Hubacek K (2011). A “carbonizing dragon”: China’s fast growing CO₂ emissions revisited. Environ Sci Technol, 45(21): 9144–9153

[47] Minx J C, Wiedmann T, Wood R, Peters G P, Lenzen M, Owen A,Scott K, Barrett J , Hubacek K, Baiocchi G, Paul A,Dawkins E,Briggs J,Guan D,Suh S,Ackerman F (2009). Input–output analysis and carbon footprinting: an overview of applications. Econ Syst Res, 21(3): 187–216

[48] Munksgaard J, Wier M, Lenzen M, Dey C (2005). Using input-output analysis to measure the environmental pressure of consumption at different spatial levels. J Ind Ecol, 9(1‒2): 169–185

[49] Parikh J, Panda M, Ganesh-Kumar A, Singh V (2009). CO₂ emissions structure of Indian economy. Energy, 34(8): 1024–1031

[50] Peters G, Weber C, Liu J (2006). Construction of Chinese energy and emissions inventory. Industrial Ecology Programme, 3, 1–16

[51] Qu J, Zeng J, Li Y, Wang Q, Maraseni T, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Clarke-Sather A (2013). Household carbon dioxide emissions from peasants and herdsmen in northwestern arid-alpine regions, China. Energy Policy, 57: 133–140

[52] Quadrelli R, Peterson S (2007). The energy–climate challenge: recent trends in CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion. Energy Policy, 35(11): 5938–5952

[53] Su B, Ang B W (2013). Input–output analysis of CO₂ emissions embodied in trade: competitive versus non-competitive imports. Energy Policy, 56: 83–87

[54] Tan X, Dong L, Chen D, Gu B, Zeng Y (2016). China’s regional CO₂ emissions reduction potential: a study of Chongqing city. Appl Energy, 162: 1345–1354

[55] Wang W, Liu R, Zhang M, Li H (2013a). Decomposing the decoupling of energy-related CO₂ emissions and economic growth in Jiangsu Province. Energy for Sustainable Development, 17(1): 62–71

[56] Wang X M (2011). The energy input-output structure analysis and carbon emissions outlook of Jiangsu Province. Dissertation for Master Degree. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Finance and Economics (in Chinese)

[57] Wang Y, Ma W, Tu W, Zhao Q, Yu Q (2013b). A study on carbon emissions in Shanghai 2000–2008, China. Environ Sci Policy, 27: 151–161

[58] Xia X H, Chen Y B, Li J S, Tasawar H, Alsaedi A, Chen G Q (2014). Energy regulation in China: objective selection, potential assessment and responsibility sharing by partial frontier analysis. Energy Policy, 66: 292–302

[59] Xia Y (2012). An input–output analysis of regional CO₂ emissions from the service sector: an application to Liaoning Province of China. International Journal of Global Warming, 4(2): 187–214

[60] Yan Y F, Yang L K (2010). China’s foreign trade and climate change: a case study of CO₂ emissions. Energy Policy, 38(1): 350–356

[61] Zeng L, Xu M, Liang S, Zeng S, Zhang T (2014). Revisiting drivers of energy intensity in China during 1997–2007: a structural decomposition analysis. Energy Policy, 67: 640–647

[62] Zhang B, Chen G Q (2010). Methane emissions by Chinese economy: inventory and embodiment analysis. Energy Policy, 38(8): 4304–4316

[63] Zhang B, Chen G Q, Li J S, Tao L (2014a). Methane emissions of energy activities in China 1980–2007. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 29: 11–21

[64] Zhang B, Li J S, Peng B H (2014b). Multi-regional input-output analysis for China’s regional CH₄ emissions. Front Earth Sci, 8(1): 163–180

[65] Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Fath B D, Li S (2013). Estimation of energy-related carbon emissions in Beijing and factor decomposition analysis. Ecol Modell, 252: 258–265

[66] Zhang M, Huang X J (2012). Effects of industrial restructuring on carbon reduction: an analysis of Jiangsu Province, China. Energy, 44(1): 515–526

[67] Zhou D, Zhao D Q, Liu Q, Li X C, Li J, Gibbons J, Liang X (2013). The GDCCSR project promoting regional CCS-readiness in the Guangdong Province, South China. Energy Procedia, 37: 7622–7632

[68] Zhou J B (2008). Embodied ecological elements accounting of national economy. Dissertation for Doctor Degree. Beijing: Peking University, Beijing (in Chinese)

[69] Zhou S Y, Chen H, Li S C (2010). Resources use and greenhouse gas emissions in urban economy: ecological input–output modeling for Beijing 2002. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul, 15(10): 3201–3231

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51306067 and 51376076).

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2016 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg