Relationship of tropical-cyclone-induced remote precipitation with tropical cyclones and the subtropical high

Abstract

This study concerns the precipitation induced by a tropical cyclone (TC) before the TC arrives, which will be referred to as TC remote precipitation (TRP). Based on the distribution characteristics of the non-rotational wind and the divergent-wind vertical circulation related to TC, the subtropical high, and TRP of 45 TRP events during June, July, and August of 2000‒2009, the relationships among these three entities (TC, subtropical high, and TRP) can be categorized into four patterns. The first pattern accounts for the highest proportion of the TRP events (59%), and a conceptual model is then provided for this pattern. The primary characteristics of this model are as follows: TC, the subtropical high, and TRP can interact with each other through the divergent-wind secondary circulation at both sides of the ridge line of the subtropical high (between the subtropical high and TC, and between the subtropical high and TRP). At the upper level (150 or 200 hPa), the northward non-rotational wind from the TC converged toward the subtropical high ridge line and subsided, and at 950 hPa the divergent wind from the ridge line of the subtropical high converged toward TC; these constructed the secondary circulation between TC and the subtropical high. In the meantime, the southward non-rotational wind at the upper level (150 or 200 hPa) from TRP and the divergent wind at 950 hPa from the subtropical high ridge line toward TRP constructed the secondary circulation between TRP and the subtropical high. As TC and TRP interacted with each other, the subtropical high ridge line was usually under the downdraft area of the whole atmosphere. The other three patterns are different from the first pattern mainly in terms of the intensity and position of the non-rotational-wind secondary circulation. The numerical simulation of the Beijing 7·21 rainstorm confirmed the relationship among TC, the subtropical high, and TRP, indicating that when the interaction weakened, the TRP also weakened.

Keywords

tropical cyclone / tropical cyclone remote precipitation / subtropical high / divergent wind / numerical simulation

References

[1] Bosart L F, Carr F H (1978). A case study of excessive rainfall centered around Wellsville, New York, 20-21 June 1972. Mon Weather Rev, 3(106): 348–362

[2] Bosart L F, Cordeira J M, Galarneau Jr. T J, Moore B J, Archambault H M (2012). An analysis of multiple predecessor rain events ahead of tropical cyclones Ike and Lowell: 10–15 September 2008. Mon Weather Rev, 4(140): 1081–1107

[11] Byun K Y, Lee T Y (2012). Remote effects of tropical cyclones on heavy rainfall over the Korean peninsula – Statistical and composite analysis. Tellus A, 64, 14983,

[3] Chen L S (2007). Study and prediction of heavy rainfall associated with landfalling tropical cyclones. In: Proceedings of the 14th National Symposium on Tropical Cyclone, 3–7 (in Chinese)

[4] Chen L S, Li Y (2004). An overview on the study of the tropical cyclone rainfall. Proc. Inter. Conf. on Storms, Brisbane, Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, 112–113

[5] Cong C H (2011). Study on tropical cyclone remote rainfall. Doctor dissertation, 151–152 (in Chinese)

[6] Cong C H, Chen L S, Lei X T, Li Y (2012). Study on tropical cyclone remote rainfall. Acta Meteorol Sin, 70(4): 717–727 (in Chinese)

[7] Cote M R (2007). Predecessor rain events in advance of tropical cyclones. M.S. thesis, Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 200

[8] Ding Z Y, Zhao X H, Xing R, Gao S (2014). Statistical analysis of summer tropical cyclone remote precipitation events in East Asia from 2000 to 2009 and numerical simulation. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 30(2): 229–238 (in Chinese)

[17] Galarneau Jr T J, Bosart L F, Schumacher R S (2010). Predecessor rain events ahead of tropical cyclones. Mon Weather Rev, 8(138): 3272–3297

[9] Hanley D, Molinari J, Keyser D (2001). A composite study of the interactions between tropical cyclones and Upper-Tropospheric Troughs. Mon Weather Rev, 129(10): 2570–2584

[10] Kawamura R, Ogasawara T (2006). On the role of typhoons in generating PJ teleconnection patterns over the Western North Pacific in late summer. SOLA, 2: 37–40

[12] Li C H, Huang F J, Luo Z X (2002). The influence of typhoon on subtropical high location and intensity. Plateau Meteorology, 21(6): 576–582 (in Chinese)

[13] Moore B J, Bosart L F, Keyser D, Jurewicz M L (2013). Synoptic-scale environments of predecessor rain events occurring east of the Rocky Mountains in association with Atlantic Basin tropical cyclones. Mon Weather Rev, 141(3): 1022–1047

[14] Murata A (2009). A mechanism for heavy precipitation over the Kii Peninsula accompanying typhoon Meari. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 87(1): 101–117

[15] Schumacher R S, Galarneau T J Jr (2012). Moisture transport into midlatitudes ahead of recurving tropical cyclones and its relevance in two predecessor rain events. Mon Weather Rev, 140(6): 1810–1827

[16] Schumacher R S, Galarneau T J Jr, Bosart L F (2011). Distant effects of a recurving tropical cyclone on rainfall in a midlatitude convective system: a high-impact predecessor rain event. Mon Weather Rev, 139(2): 650–667

[18] Wang Y Q, Wang Y Q, Fudeyasu H (2009). The role of typhoon Songda (2004) in producing distantly located heavy rainfall in Japan. Mon Weather Rev, 137(11): 3699–3716

Acknowledgments

This research was jointly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2009CB421503 and 2013CB430103) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40975037 and 41375058).

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2015 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg