Algae (Microcystis and Scenedesmus) absorption spectra and its application on Chlorophyll a retrieval

Abstract

Blue algae and green algae are the dominant phytoplankton groups that contribute to the eutrophication and the water bloom in inland water of China. The absorption coefficients (spectra) of the algae, which do not change with its intrinsic optical characteristics and the observation geometry, are strictly additive quantities. The characteristics of the absorption spectra of the two algae are presented. The pure blue algae and the pure green algae cultured in the laboratory environment are diluted and mixed at ten volume ratios. The Quantitative Filter Technique was applied to measure their absorption spectra. The “hot-ethanol extraction” method was chosen to calculate their concentration of Chlorophyll a. The retrieval algorithm developed in this study extracts the mapping information between each individual alga and their Chlorophyll a concentration via Continuous Wavelet Transform, and retrieves the Chlorophyll a concentration of each alga in their mixture using a trust region optimizer. The results show that the retrieved and the measured Chlorophyll a concentrations of the blue algae and the green algae components in the ten mixture match well with the average relative error of 5.55%.

Keywords

algae / absorption coefficient spectra / Chlorophyll a / trust region / Continuous Wavelet Transform

References

[1] Ahn Y, Shanmugam P, Ryu J, Jeong J (2006). Satellite detection of harmful algal bloom occurrences in Korean waters. Harmful Algae, 5(2): 213-231

[2] Bidigare R R, Ondrusek M E, Morrow J H, Kiefer D A (1990). In-vivo absorption properties of algal pigments. In: Proceedings of SPIE, Ocean Optics X, 1302: 290-302

[3] Bricaud A, Bedhomme A L, Morel A (1988). Optical-properties of diverse phytoplanktonic species- experimental results and theoretical interpretation. J Plankton Res, 10(5): 851-873

[4] Chen Y, Chen K, Hu Y (2006). Discussion on possible error for phytoplankton Chlorophyll-a concentration analysis using hot-ethanol extraction method. Journal of Lake Sciences, 18(5): 550-552 (in Chinese)

[5] Cleveland J S, Weidemann A D (1993). Quantifying absorption by aquatic particles: a multiple scattering correction for glass-fiber filter. Limnol Oceanogr, 38(6): 1321-1327

[6] Coleman T F, Li Y (1994). On the convergence of interior-reflective Newton methods for nonlinear minimization subject to bounds. Math Program, 67(1-3): 189-224

[7] Coleman T F, Li Y (1996). An interior, trust region approach for nonlinear minimization subject to bounds. SIAM J Optim, 6(2): 418-445

[8] Cullen J J, Ciotti A M, Davis R F, Lewis M R (1997). Optical detection and assessment of algal blooms. Limnol Oceanogr, 42(5_part_2): 1223-1239

[9] Dennis J E Jr (1977). Nonlinear least squares and equations, In: Jacobs D, ed. The State of the Art in Numerical Analysis. New York: Academic Press

[10] Jiang Y, Ding J, Zhang H (2001). Analysis of algae condition of Lake Tai. Jiangsu Environmental Science and Technology, 14(1): 30-31(in Chinese)

[11] Kirkpatrick G J, Millie D F, Moline M A, Schofield O (2000). Optical discrimination of a phytoplankton species in natural mixed populations. Limnol Oceanogr, 45(2): 467-471

[12] Kutser T (2004). Quantitative detection of chlorophyll in cyanobacterial blooms by satellite remote sensing. Limnol Oceanogr, 49(6): 2179-2189

[13] Liu T, Kuang D, Yin Q (2002). The spectrum experiments of algae and studies on retrieval quantitative imformation from its spectra. J Infrared Millim Waves, 21(3): 213-217 (in Chinese)

[14] Lorenzen C J (1967). Determination of chlorophyll and pheo-pigments: spectrophotometric equations. Limnol Oceanogr, 12(2): 343-346

[15] Millie D F, Schofield O M, Kirkpatrick G J, Johnsen G, Tester P A, Vinyard B T (1997). Detection of harmful algal blooms using photopigments and absorption signatures: a case study of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve. Limnol Oceanogr, 42(5 part2): 1240-1251

[16] Mitchell B G (1990). Algorithms for determining the absorption coefficient of aquatic particulates using the quantitative filter technique (QFT). Proc SPIE, 1302: 137-148

[17] Moberg L, Karlberg B, Sørensen K, Källqvist T (2002). Assessment of phytoplankton class abundance using absorption spectra and chemometrics. Talanta, 56(1): 153-160

[18] Roesler C S, Perry M J, Carder K L (1989). Modeling in situ phytoplankton absorption from total absorption spectra in productive inland marine waters. Limnol Oceanogr, 34(8): 1510-1523

[19] Rowan K S (1989). Photosynthetic Pigments of Algae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

[20] Schmid H, Bauer F, Stich H (1998). Determination of algal biomass with HPLC pigment analysis from lakes of different trophic state in comparison to microscopically measured biomass. J Plankton Res, 20(9): 1651-1661

[21] Schofield O, Grzymski J, Bissett W P, Kirkpatrick G J, Millie D F, Moline M, Roesler C S (1999). Optical monitoring and forecasting systems for harmful algal blooms: possibility or pipe dream? J Phycol, 35(6): 1477-1496

[22] Staehr P A, Cullen J J (2003). Detection of Karenia mikimotoi by spectral absorption signatures. J Plankton Res, 25(10): 1237-1249

[23] Torrence C, Compo G P (1998). A practical guide to wavelet analysis. Bull Am Meteorol Soc, 79(1): 61-78

[24] Wu W (2000). Eutrophication in Dianchi Lake and its Algae Resource. Yunnan Environmental Science, 19(1): 35-37(in Chinese)

[25] Yentsch C S, Menzel D W (1963). A method for the determination of phytoplankton chlorophyll and phaeophytin by fluoreseene. Deep-Sea Res, 10: 221-231

[26] Zhang L (2007). Diversity analysis of algae in Chaohu Lake. J Biol, 24(6): 53-54, 72

[27] Zhang Q, Wang L, Lei S, Zhu C, Wang X (2006). Characteristics of absorption spectra of phytoplankton. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 26(9): 1676-1680(in hinese)

[28] Zhang T, Du X, Xu Q, Qiu G (2009). Application of 1D wavelet analysis in detecting species of harmful algae blooms with absorption spectra of phytoplankton. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 29(10): 2743-2747 (in Chinese)

[29] Zhao Q, Qin B (2008). Spectral absorption characteristics of algae and discrimination of the absorption spectrum of mixed algae. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 28(2): 313-318

Acknowledgements

This work is supported partially by USDA UVB Monitoring and Research Program under Grant No. USDA NIFA project (2012-34263-19736).

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg