· Frontiers of Engineering Management is a hybrid journal: We offer articles as optional open access (OA) upon publication. Authors of accepted articles may choose to pay an article processing charge (APC) to have their articles published as open access. Authors from institutions participating in Springer Nature's Transformative Agreements can publish their articles as open access at no additional cost.

· Transformative Agreements (TAs) provide authors the opportunity to publish open access in hybrid journals through the Open Choice publishing option. The agreement combines the costs of APCs and subscription access for participating institutions. Researchers from these institutions can publish their work open access without incurring extra fees. TAs support Gold Open Access and promote a transition to more transparent and sustainable open access models, while also helping researchers meet their funders' open access requirements.

· The APC is typically covered by the authors' institutions or funding bodies, with a fee of $3,990 USD upon article acceptance.