Dec 2007, Volume 2 Issue 4
    

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  • Shape-memory and biocompatibility properties of segmented polyurethanes based on poly(L-lactide)
    PING Peng, WANG Wenshou, ZHANG Peibiao, CHEN Xuesi, JING Xiabin
    2007, 2(4): 331-336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0063-z
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    A series of segmented poly(L-lactide)-polyurethanes (PLA-PUs) were synthesized by a twostep method, with oligo-poly(L-lactide) (PLA) as the soft segments and the reaction product of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and ethylene glycol (EG) as the hard segments. The shape-memory properties and biocompatibility of PLA-PUs were examined. The 50% compressed PLA-PUs could recover almost 100% to their original shape within 10! from the lowest recovery temperature (22!-37!). In the recovery process the PLA-PU showed a maximum contracting stress in the range of 1.5-4 MPa. Cell incubation experiments show that PLA-PU has biocompatibility comparable to that of pure PLA. Therefore, this kind of polyurethane can be used for implanted medical devices with shape memory requirements.
  • 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation investigation of huperzine E binding to acetylcholinesterase
    DU Weihong, LI Yiming, JIANG Shanhao, TAN Changheng, ZHU Dayuan, GAN Qiuling
    2007, 2(4): 337-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0064-y
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    In order to search for better acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors, the binding properties of AchE with huperizine E, which is a derivative of huperzine A, were investigated with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) method. The nonselective, selective and double-selective spin-lattice relaxation rates of some protons in huperzine E were acquired in the absence and presence of AchE at a concentration ratio of [ligand]/[protein] = 1 : 0.005. The enhancements of selective relaxation rates of these protons were obvious after adding AchE. The molecular motional correlation times of two pairs of protons, H-1a/H-1b and H-2/H-3, in the bound state at T = 298 K were 11.7 and 9.46 ns respectively, while they were 27.7 and 35.2 ps in the free state. All of these show that huperzine E has high binding affinity with AchE.
  • Studies on confined crystallization behavior of polycaprolactone thin films
    QIAO Congde, JI Xiangling, AN Lijia, JIANG Bingzheng, JIANG Shichun
    2007, 2(4): 343-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0065-x
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    The confined crystallization behavior of polycaprolactone (PCL) in thin and ultrathin films was studied by AFM (atomic force microscopy). It was found that the crystalline morphology of PCL depended on the film’s thickness. When the thickness is d>2 Rg (radius of gyration), the polymer can crystallize into spherulites; when Rg<d<2 Rg, a dense-branch morphology and dendrites could be found; when d<Rg, an islands  structure could be obtained. Moreover, the effects of the crystallization temperature and the substrate and the molecular weight on the crystalline morphology were discussed. It was shown that the crystallization of PCL in thin films is a diffusion-controlled process, and it can be explained by diffusion-limited aggregation.
  • In vitro investigation on cinnabar dissolution
    ZENG Kewu, YANG Xiaoda, WANG Kui, WANG Qi
    2007, 2(4): 349-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0066-9
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    To study the effects of different chemical factors in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. pH, proteins, amino acids, ionic strength and Na2S, on the dissolution of cinnabar. The content of the total mercury in various dissolutions of cinnabar was analyzed by UV/VIS Spectrophotometer. Laser Particle Size Analyzer measured the particle distributions in the dissolution of cinnabar. The chemical species of dissolved substance of cinnabar in the presence of Na2S were determined using ESI-MS. The results indicate that the solubility of cinnabar could be increased significantly in the presence of Na2S/S0, and strong acidic pH, respectively. While the influence of thiol amino acid on promoting dissolution remains relatively low. Cinnabar did not dissolve in the form of nanoparticle. It is postulated that cinnabar could be dissolved in the gastrointestinal tract in various forms of sulfur-containing mercury complexes.
  • Reaction mechanism studies on isoquinoline with hydroxyl radical in aqueous solutions
    ZHU Dazhang, NI Yaming, WANG Shilong, SUN Xiaoyu, YAO Side
    2007, 2(4): 354-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0067-8
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    The reaction mechanism between isoquinoline and ·OH radical in aqueous dilute solutions under different conditions was studied by pulse radiolysis. The main characteristic peaks in these transient absorption spectra were attributed and the growth-decay trends of several transient species were investigated. Under neutral or alkaline conditions, the reaction of ·OH radical and isoquinoline produces OH-adducts with respective rate constants of 3.4×109 and 6.6×109 mol-1 · dm3 · s-1 while under acidic conditions, the isoquinoline was firstly protonated and then ·OH added to the benzene ring and produced protonated isoquinoline OH-adducts with a rate constant of 3.9×109 mol-1 · dm3 · s-1. With a better understanding on radiolysis of isoquinoline, this study is of help for its degradation and for environmental protection.
  • Preparation and characterization of ZrWMoO8 powders with different morphologies
    LIU Qinqin, YANG Juan, SUN Xiujuan, CHENG Xiaonong
    2007, 2(4): 359-363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0068-7
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    ZrWMoO8 powders with different morphologies were obtained using ammonium tungstate, molybdate tungstate and zirconium tungstate as the starting materials by dehydrating the precursor ZrWMoO7(OH)2(H2O)2. The precursor was studied by thermo-gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The influence of the gelling agents (HCl, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4 and H3PO4) on the crystallization process and crystal morphology of the products prepared was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). Results showed that the morphology of the ZrWMoO8 particles can be simply adjusted by changing the gelling agents, and the thermal expansion coefficients of cubic ZrWMoO8 prepared in HCl solution are -3.84×10-6 K-1 from 100! to 700!.
  • Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue on Fe3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation
    SU Bitao, WANG Ke, BAI Jie, MU Hongmei, TONG Yongchun, MIN Shixiong, SHE Shixiong, LEI Ziqiang
    2007, 2(4): 364-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0069-6
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    Fe3+-doped TiO2 composite nanoparticles with different doping amounts were successfully synthesized using sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was used as a model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of Fe3+/TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation. The influence of doping amount of Fe3+ (ω: 0.00%–3.00%) on photocatalytic activities of TiO2 was investigated. Results show that the size of Fe3+/TiO2 particles decreases with the increase of the amount of Fe3+ and their absorption spectra are broaden and absorption intensities are also increased. Doping Fe3+ can control the conversion of TiO2 from anatase to rutile. The doping amount of Fe3+ remarkably affects the activity of the catalyst, and the optimum efficiency occurs at about the doping amount of 0.3%. The appropriate doping of Fe3+ can markedly increase the catalytic activity of TiO2 under visible light irradiation.
  • Rapid functionalization of carbon nanotube and its electrocatalysis
    DU Pan, SHI Yanmao, WU Ping, ZHOU Yaoming, CAI Chenxin
    2007, 2(4): 369-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0070-0
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    It was reported that carbon nanotube (CNT) was functionalized with the electroactive Nile blue (NB), which is a phenoxazine dye, by a method of adsorption to form a NB-CNT nanocomposite. The NB-CNT nanocomposite was characterized by several spectroscopic techniques, for example, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) etc., and the results showed that NB could rapidly and effectively be adsorbed on the surface of CNT with a high stability without changing the native structure of NB and the structure properties of CNT. Moreover, it was shown that the dispersion ability of CNT in aqueous solution had a significantly improvement after CNT functionalized with NB even at a level of high concentration, for example, 5 mg of NB-CNT per 1 mL of H2O. The NB-CNT/ glasssy carbon (GC) electrode was fabricated by modifying NB-CNT nanocomposite on the GC electrode surface and its electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that CNT can improve the electrochemical behavior of NB and greatly enhance its redox peak currents. While the NB-CNT/GC electrode exhibited a pair of well-defined and nearly symmetrical redox peaks with the formal potential of (–0.422±0.002) V (versus SCE, 0.1 mol/L PBS, pH 7.0), which was almost independent on the scan rates, for electrochemical reaction of NB monomer; and the redox peak potential of NB polymer located at about –0.191 V. The experimental results also demonstrated that NB and CNT could synergistically catalyze the electrochemically oxidation of NADH (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form) and NB-CNT exhibited a high performance with lowing the overpotential of more than 560 mV. The NB-CNT/GC electrode could effectively sense the concentration of NADH, which was produced during the process of oxidation of substrate (e.g. ethanol) catalyzed by dehydrogenase (e.g. alcohol dehydrogenase). The presented method for functionalization of CNT had several advantages, such as rapid and facile CNT functionalization, easy electrode fabrication and high electrocatalytic activity, etc., and could be used for fabrication electrochemical biosensor on the basis of dehydrogenase.
  • Studies on synthesis and molecular dynamics simulation of dendrimers containing amino acids and peptides
    HE Gu, GUO Li, WANG Qianqian, MA Lifang, HE Zechao
    2007, 2(4): 378-382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0071-z
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    A series of poly(ether-amide) dendrimers with amino acids and peptides as the peripheral functional groups was synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) spectrometry. Molecular dynamics simulation of the peptide dendrimers in solution was performed, indicating that, the prior conformations of the dendrimers were atom number dependent, i.e., with the increases of the atom number, the prior conformations were more spherical. Also, the amino acid α-C atom radial distribution indicated that, with larger peripheral groups, more back-folding of the dendrimers occurred.
  • Photovoltaic devices from CdSe nanocrystals and conjugated polymer composites
    LIU Yanshan, WANG Li, CAO Yong
    2007, 2(4): 383-386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0072-x
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    The preparation of CdSe nanospheres (ns-CdSe) and their application as electron acceptor in conjugated polymer photovoltaic devices are reported. ns-CdSe with diameters of 5 nm were prepared through an organometallic method. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicate that the CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) are monodispersed nanospheres with the first exciton absorption peak at around 625 nm and the emission peak at around 652 nm. The PL spectra of the ns-CdSe/polymer composite films show that the PL of the conjugated polymers is effectively quenched upon the addition of ns-CdSe. Photovoltaic devices were fabricated from the composites of ns-CdSe and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) or poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Under AM1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm2), the short circuit current (ISC), open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF) and energy conversion efficiency (η) reached 1.56 mA/cm2, 0.75 V, 34.5% and 0.40%, respectively for device from the ns-CdSe/MEH-PPV (15 : 1 by weight) and 1.93 mA/cm2, 0.65 V, 38.4% and 0.48%, respectively for device from the ns-CdSe/P3HT (10 : 1 by weight).
  • Application of beam irradiation in preparation of visible light responsive TiO2 Films
    HOU Xinggang, LIU Andong
    2007, 2(4): 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0073-x
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    TiO2 films were prepared by sol-gel method. In order to improve the utilization of light, the technologies of implantation of transition metal ions (V+ and Cr+) and electron beam irradiation to deposit noble metal particles (Ag and Pt) were used. A red shift was found in the spectrum of modified TiO2 films. The photocatalytic experiments showed that the photocatalytic ability under visible light irradiation could be improved dramatically by both the implantation of transition metal and the electron beam irradiation.
  • Microwave synthesis and photoluminescent properties of Sr2CeO4/Ln3+ (Ln = Er, Ho, Tm)
    KANG Hongge, SONG Huihua, WANG Jiye, SHI Shikao
    2007, 2(4): 393-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0074-9
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    Sr2CeO4/Ln3+ (Ln = Er, Ho, Tm) phosphors were synthesized with the microwave radiation method for the first time. The luminescent properties of the samples were investigated and the up-conversion luminescence of Er3+, Ho3+ and Tm3+ doped Sr2CeO4 phosphors was observed. The spectra indicate that the energy transfer takes place from the triplet excited state of MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) state for Sr2CeO4 (sensitizer) to the rare earth ions (activator).
  • Preparation and characterization of Cr2O3 system optically variable pigment
    DU Haiyan, ZHANG Hua, CHEN Qirong, SUN Jiayue, XU Wencai, MA Erjun
    2007, 2(4): 398-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0075-8
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    An optically variable pigment was produced by wet chemical method, where TiO2-coated mica with interference colors acted as the substrate materials. The structure of the pigment was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its optically variable effect was investigated by X-Rite MA86 II five angles spectrophotometer. The impact of different interference substrate materials for improving the color travel effect was studied, and the influence of white and black background on the hue and the color travel effect were studied. Results showed that optically variable pigments can be prepared by coating Cr2O3 on the surface of the pretreated TiO2-coated mica. The color travel effect was sensitive to the change of substrate materials, and different backgrounds can influence the hue and the color travel effect of the pigment.
  • Studies on high chemical reactivity of nano-NaH
    FAN Yinheng, JIN Dan, WU Qiang, LIU Tong, ZOU Yunling, XU Jie
    2007, 2(4): 403-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0076-7
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    A comparison between the initial reaction rates of nanometric and commercial NaH has been studied in four test reactions: 1) hydrogenolysis of chlorobenzene; 2) selective reduction of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol; 3) metallation of dimethyl sulfoxide; and 4) catalytic hydrogenation of olefins. The experimental results indicate that when NaH is used as a chemical reagent in the first three reactions, the initial reaction rates of nano-NaH is 230, 120 and 110 times higher than those of the commercial ones respectively, and it is in agreement with the difference in specific surface areas between these two forms of NaH. When NaH is used as a catalyst component together with Cp2TiCl2 in the fourth reaction, catalyst with nano-NaH gives extremely high activity in the hydrogenation of olefins, while the one with commercial NaH gives no activity at all even if a large amount of the commercial NaH is used to make the total surface area equivalent to that of nano-NaH. Thus, it is evident that although large specific surface area is important for nano-NaH to be used as a catalyst component, high surface energy with surface defects seems to be more important. The large specific surface and the activated surface of nano-NaH with high surface energy should be the main factors for their extremely high chemical reactivity, while whether the former or the latter one plays a leading role depends on the type of reactions involved.
  • Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives and their metallic complexes
    OUYANG Xinhua, ZENG Heping, XIE Yan
    2007, 2(4): 407-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0077-6
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    Three new 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives, i.e. 5-[(4-styryl-benzylidene)-amino]-quinolin-8-ol (1), 5-[(4-bromo-2-fluoro-benzylidene)-amino]-quinoline-8-ol (2) and 2-[2-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-2yl)-vinyl]-quinolin-8-ol (3), and their metallic complexes were synthesized and identified by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), mass spectrometry (MS) spectra and elemental analyses. Their fluorescence properties were studied by photoluminescence, which indicated that the luminescence wavelength of 5- and 2-substitued-8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives shifted to red in comparison with that of 8-hydroxyquinoline. Meanwhile, the fluorescence lifetime of 2-[2-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-2yl)-vinyl]-quinolin-8-ol and its zinc complex showed long lifetime in benzene solution.
  • Living free-radical copolymerization of allyl glycidyl ether with methyl acrylate
    YU Qingbo, ZHANG Mingxu, LI Xianhua, BAI Ruke
    2007, 2(4): 414-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0078-5
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    An investigation of the copolymerization of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) with methyl acrylate (MA) was performed in the presence of benzyl imidazole-1-carbodithioate (BICDT) on the thermal initiation condition. Results showed that the process has good characteristics of living free radical polymerization, i.e. the molecular weight of the obtained polymer increases linearly with monomer conversion, molecular weight distribution is very narrow, and a linear relationship between ln([M]0/[M]) and polymerization time is found. The copolymer structure containing epoxy groups was demonstrated from the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrum. It was found that the content of AGE in the copolymer increases with the increase in monomer conversion and molar faction of the AGE in the monomer feed. However, the polymerization could slow down when the fraction of AGE increases in the monomer feed. Taking advantage of living polymerization character, functional block copolymers PSt-b-P (MA-co-AGE) were prepared in the presence of PSt RAFT agent.
  • Preparation of mesoporous aluminophosphate using poly(amido amine) as template
    ZHANG Xiaofeng, LIN Shen, CHEN Xinqing, CHEN Jiebo, YANG Liuyi, LUO Minghong
    2007, 2(4): 419-421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0079-4
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    Mesoporous aluminophosphate was prepared by using G4.0 poly(amido amine)dendrimer as a template and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 adsorption/desorption methods. Results show that the title compound exhibits a typical mesoporous structure with the average pore size from 5 to 8 nm. The formation mechanism of the nanoporous structure using dendrimer as a template was also discussed.
  • Different protein expression of myocardium from Chinese mini-swine model of myocardial infarct
    ZHAO Yanfeng, YE Nengsheng, ZHANG Rongli, FENG Xue, LUO Guoan, WANG Yiming
    2007, 2(4): 422-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0080-y
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    High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), followed by computer-assisted image analysis was used to screen protein patterns of normal and infarcted myocardial tissues for quantitative and qualitative differences in protein expression. In the gels of pH 5–8 immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips, 851 protein spots were detected in normal myocardial tissue and 1 032 protein spots were resolved in infarcted myocardial tissue. Thirteen protein spots only expressed in normal myocardial tissue, and 14 protein spots only expressed in infarcted myocardial tissue. Results also showed that 49 protein spots displayed quantitative changes in expression between normal and infarcted myocardial tissue. Eleven protein spots were subjected to mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and seven proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). These proteins may be involved in cardiovascular injury, and could play an important role in the treatment of coronary heart disease.
  • Synthesis of 3,6-bisubstituted phenyl-bi-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives
    QIAN Jianhua, LIU Lin, WANG Daolin, XING Jinjuan
    2007, 2(4): 428-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0081-x
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    2,5-Bihydrazino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (2) was synthesized by condensation of 2,5-bimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (1) with hydrazine hydrate, and compound 2 reacted with acyl chloride to give 2,5-biacylhydrazino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (3a?3e). Ring closure of compounds 3a?3e was achieved with POCl3 as the cyclization agent giving 3,6-bisubstituted phenyl-bi-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (4a?4e), respectively. The novel compounds were identified by elemental analysis, and by infrared (IR), 1H- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass (MS) spectrometry. The mechanism of the cyclization is also discussed.
  • Capillary electrophoresis as a tool for screening aptamer with high affinity and high specificity to ricin
    TANG Jijun, XIE Jianwei, GUO Lei, YAN Yan, SHAO Ningsheng
    2007, 2(4): 431-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0082-9
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    Aptamers which specifically recognize targets are selected from random oligonucleotide library using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). In this paper, capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a separation approach has been introduced to SELEX procedure. The high efficiency of CE gives rise to greatly shorten the selection procedure. The results from enzyme-linked assay and dot blot experiment show that an enrichment pool has been obtained after four rounds selection, which can specifically recognize ricin.
  • Photodegradation of rhodamine B dye using a microwave electrodeless UV lamp (MWUVL)
    GU Dinghong, HUANG Li, SHAO Chunlei, FANG Haojie, ZHANG Renxi, HOU Huiqi
    2007, 2(4): 436-441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0083-8
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    The photodegradation of organic dye rhodamine B (RhB) in an aqueous solution was studied using a microwave electrodeless UV lamp (MWUVL). The 185 nm vacuum UV (VUV) intensity of the MWUVL amounted to 12% of the total UV output, about 1.7 times as high as that of the con ventional low-pressure mercury lamp. An acidic condition was preferred for the degradation of RhB. Precipitate was generated during RhB degradation when the initial concentration of RhB solution was above 60 mg · L-1. For 100 mg · L-1 RhB at pH 4.0, the mass of precipitate produced was nearly half of the initial amount of RhB in the solution after irradi ation for 75 min. The corresponding degradation ratio of RhB reached up to 99.4% and COD reduced 77.4%. The photo degradation of RhB is mainly achieved by direct photolysis of RhB by 185 nm and OH radical oxidation.
  • Preparation and properties of luminous materials of CaSiO3 : Pb, Mn by sol-gel method
    YANG Liangzhun, FANG Min, Liu Yuejiao, LIU Chao, WANG Xiuying, YU Xibin
    2007, 2(4): 442-446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0084-7
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    The luminous materials of CaSiO3 : Pb, Mn were synthesized by sol-gel method and ultrasound technology. The properties of the phosphors were characterized by luminescence spectrum, differential thermal analysis and thermal gravimetry analysis (DTA-TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of factors such as the synthetic material compositions, ultrasound time and annealed temperature on phosphorescent brightness of sample were studied and the optimum synthetic conditions were determined. The results show that, compared with the sample made by the high temperature solid-state reaction, the luminescent intensity of the CaSiO3 : Pb, Mn sample increased by about 200% and the mean diameter of particles of the sample decreased by about 300 nm.
  • Affinity labeling coupled with matrix assistant laser desorption tandem time of flight mass spectrometry for quantitative proteomics research
    MENG Qingfang, ZHANG Yangjun, CAI Yun, QIAN Xiaohong
    2007, 2(4): 447-453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11458-007-0062-0
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    A relative quantitative method for differential proteomics by cleavable isotope-coded affinity tag (cICAT) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was established. The accuracy and reproducibility of the method were evaluated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) digest as having a relative standard deviation of less than 30% and good reproducibility. The dynamic range was also evaluated by analyzing two mixtures of several standard proteins with different concentration. The experimental results showed that in the dynamic range of 1:30, the quantitation error of the method was less than 30%. Although the quantitation error becomes very large when used beyond this range, it does not affect the derivation of information on the differential proteins. All the work provides an alternative method for differential proteomics analysis in biological samples from different origins.