Global Stress Responses Identify the Functionally Divergent Regulators Required for Candida auris Commensalism and Pathogenicity

Chaoyue Xu , Wanxing Xu , Yushun Yuan , Xiaoqing Chen , Ouyang Mo , Zhe Yin , Xinhua Huang , Yuanyuan Wang , Lingfei Hu , Wenwen Xue , Yun Zou , Luyao Zhang , Kunlin Li , Yueru Tian , Jihong Liu , Sichu Xiong , Lei Wu , Yanmei Dong , Guangsheng Chen , Yuping Zhang , Zili Zhou , Ming Guan , Xiaotian Huang , Zhiyi He , Lin Zhong , Lingbing Zeng , Pei Hao , Xiaoqi Zheng , Changbin Chen , Ning-Ning Liu , Dongsheng Zhou

Exploration ›› 2025, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (6) : 20240482

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Exploration ›› 2025, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (6) :20240482 DOI: 10.1002/EXP.20240482
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Global Stress Responses Identify the Functionally Divergent Regulators Required for Candida auris Commensalism and Pathogenicity
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Abstract

Given its global distribution and high transmissibility in the environment, Candida auris poses a serious threat to global public health. However, the underlying mechanisms of its adaptive strategies remain poorly understood. Here we delineate the pan-genome structures of 1,306 representative C. auris isolates collected from 28 countries. In addition to the clade-related genetic diversity and highly variable pan-genomes, we identify the key regulatory modules and genes specific to C. auris in response to 32 different host microenvironment-mimicking stresses. Through comparative analysis with evolutionarily close fungal relatives, we uncover both shared and species-specific transcriptional responses in C. auris. Intriguingly, our results reveal a distinct pathogenic role for the conserved iron regulon in this species. Unexpectedly, we also identify an evolutionarily divergent functional role for RIM101 in regulating both pathogenicity and commensalism of C. auris. Mechanistically, the high-affinity glucose transporters were found to enhance the tolerance to alkaline stress through alleviation of RIM101-dependent glucose repression in the host microenvironment. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the evolutionarily divergent adaptive strategies in both commensalism and virulence of the emerging critical priority fungal pathogen, C. auris.

Keywords

Candida auris / Comparative transcriptomic analysis / Pan-genome / Stress response

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Chaoyue Xu, Wanxing Xu, Yushun Yuan, Xiaoqing Chen, Ouyang Mo, Zhe Yin, Xinhua Huang, Yuanyuan Wang, Lingfei Hu, Wenwen Xue, Yun Zou, Luyao Zhang, Kunlin Li, Yueru Tian, Jihong Liu, Sichu Xiong, Lei Wu, Yanmei Dong, Guangsheng Chen, Yuping Zhang, Zili Zhou, Ming Guan, Xiaotian Huang, Zhiyi He, Lin Zhong, Lingbing Zeng, Pei Hao, Xiaoqi Zheng, Changbin Chen, Ning-Ning Liu, Dongsheng Zhou. Global Stress Responses Identify the Functionally Divergent Regulators Required for Candida auris Commensalism and Pathogenicity. Exploration, 2025, 5(6): 20240482 DOI:10.1002/EXP.20240482

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