Recent advances of LiFe1-yMnyPO4 (0 < y < 1) cathode materials on performance optimization and sustainable preparation

Shuaijing Ji , Junwei Wang , Yuzhen Zhao , Baoshuai Du , Li Xu , Minyuan Guan , Ping Lou , Shun Tang , Shijie Cheng , Yuancheng Cao

Energy Materials ›› 2025, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (2) : 500013

PDF
Energy Materials ›› 2025, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (2) :500013 DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2024.37
Review

Recent advances of LiFe1-yMnyPO4 (0 < y < 1) cathode materials on performance optimization and sustainable preparation

Author information +
History +
PDF

Abstract

This review explores the structural characteristics of LiFe1-yMnyPO4 (LFMP) (0 < y < 1) and focuses on the redox evolution of Mn and Fe during charge-discharge processes, the kinetics of lithiation reactions, and the impact of lattice defects on performance. These insights are crucial for developing high-performance lithium-ion batteries. LFMP displays a variety of microstructural morphologies, and strategies such as ion doping and carbon coating are pivotal for enhancing its performance. With ongoing technological advancements, the industrialization of LFMP is gaining momentum. It is anticipated that LFMP will achieve commercial application shortly, which is expected to drive the advancement of battery recycling and technology upgrading.

Keywords

LiFe1-yMnyPO4 (0 < y < 1) / redox evolution / lithiation reactions / ion doping and carbon coating / industrialization of LFMP / sustainable preparation

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Shuaijing Ji, Junwei Wang, Yuzhen Zhao, Baoshuai Du, Li Xu, Minyuan Guan, Ping Lou, Shun Tang, Shijie Cheng, Yuancheng Cao. Recent advances of LiFe1-yMnyPO4 (0 < y < 1) cathode materials on performance optimization and sustainable preparation. Energy Materials, 2025, 5(2): 500013 DOI:10.20517/energymater.2024.37

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户 忘记密码

References

[1]

Zheng J,Wu T.High-performance LiMnPO4/C nanoplates synthesized by negative pressure immersion and a solid state reaction using nanoporous Mn2O3 precursors.J Mater Chem A2015;3:15299-306

[2]

Satou Y,Takai S.Non-equilibrium Li insertion paths in LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4 observed during the relaxation process.ECS Electrochem Lett2015;4:A37-40

[3]

Xi X,Zhan Z. Process of preparing LiCoO2 as positive pole material for lithium ion cell. In: Changsha mining & metallurgy inst (Chmm-C). (ISBN No. CN1810655-A; CN1319865-C). 2007. Available from: https://webofscience.clarivate.cn/wos/alldb/full-record/DIIDW:2006800872 [Last accessed on 9 Jan 2024].

[4]

Ding X,Jiang Z,Chang H. Anode material LiCoO2 of lithium ion cell and its preparation method. In: Fujian Nanping Nanfu Battery Co Ltd (FUJI-Non-standard). (ISBN No. CN1808747-A). Available from: https://webofscience.clarivate.cn/wos/alldb/full-record/DIIDW:2007201144 [Last accessed on 9 Jan 2024].

[5]

Norberg NS.The degradation mechanism of a composite LiMnPO4 cathode.J Electrochem Soc2012;159:A1431-4

[6]

Nedoseykina T,Park SA.In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopic study for the electrochemical delithiation of a cathode LiFe0.4Mn0.6PO4 material.Electrochim Acta2010;55:8876-82

[7]

Delacourt C,Bouchet R.Toward understanding of electrical limitations (electronic, ionic) in LiMPO4 (M = Fe, Mn) electrode materials.J Electrochem Soc2005;152:A913

[8]

Wi S,Lee S.Insights on the delithiation/lithiation reactions of Li Mn0.8Fe0.2PO4 mesocrystals in Li+ batteries by in situ techniques.Nano Energy2017;39:371-9

[9]

Luo C,Zhang X,Niu X.Misfit strains inducing voltage decay in LiMnyFe1-yPO4/C.J Energy Chem2022;68:206-12

[10]

Zhang K,Li XY.Perspective on cycling stability of lithium-iron manganese phosphate for lithium-ion batteries.Rare Met2023;42:740-50

[11]

Gardiner GR.Anti-site defects and ion migration in the LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 mixed-metal cathode material.Chem Mater2010;22:1242-8

[12]

Zhang B,Peng Z.Synthesis of flexible LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C microsphere and its synergetic effects with blended LiNi0.85Co0.10Al0.05O2 electrodes.J Power Sources2022;541:231671

[13]

Stallard JC,Booth SG.Mechanical properties of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.Joule2022;6:984-1007

[14]

Chang XY,Li XH,Guo HJ.Synthesis and performance of LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 cathode material for lithium ion batteries.Mater Res Bull2005;40:1513-20

[15]

Li Z,Tian W.LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/CA cathode materials with carbon aerogel as additive synthesized by wet ball-milling combined with spray drying.J Electrochem Soc2020;167:090516

[16]

Hou YK,Sun YY.LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/carbon nanospheres@graphene nanoribbons prepared by the biomineralization process as the cathode for lithium-ion batteries.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2018;10:16500-10

[17]

Chen W,Chen Y.In situ electrospinning synthesis of N-doped C nanofibers with uniform embedding of Mn doped MFe1-xMnxPO4 (M = Li, Na) as a high performance cathode for lithium/sodium-ion batteries.Adv Mater Inter2020;7:2000684

[18]

Guo L,Wan L.Heterogeneous carbon/N-doped reduced graphene oxide wrapping LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 composite for higher performance of lithium ion batteries.Appl Surf Sci2019;476:513-20

[19]

Damen L,Monaco S,Mastragostino M.Synthesis and characterization of carbon-coated LiMnPO4 and LiMn1-xFexPO4 (x = 0.2, 0.3) materials for lithium-ion batteries.J Power Sources2012;218:250-3

[20]

Qiao Y,Shen Y.Recycling of graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries: Advances and perspectives.EcoMat2023;5:e12321

[21]

Su P,Yang L.Effects of conductive additives on the percolation networks and rheological properties of LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 suspensions for lithium slurry battery.Chem Eng J2022;433:133203

[22]

Pan XL,Zhen L.Synthesis of LiMnPO4 microspheres assembled by plates, wedges and prisms with different crystallographic orientations and their electrochemical performance.CrystEngComm2012;14:64128

[23]

Kosova NV,Gutakovskii AK.Different electrochemical responses of LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 prepared by mechanochemical and solvothermal methods.J Alloys Compd2018;742:454-65

[24]

Kosa M,Major DT.First-principles evaluation of the inherent stabilities of pure LixMPO4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co,) and mixed binary LixFeyM′1-yPO4 (M' = Mn, Co) olivine phosphates.Mater Chem Phys2016;174:54-8

[25]

Jang D,Yoon J,Yoon WS.Crystal and local structure studies of LiFe0.48Mn0.48Mg0.04PO4 cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries.J Power Sources2013;244:581-5

[26]

Kope¢ M,Kobayashi G.Structural and magnetic properties of LixMnyFeyPO4 electrode materials for Li-ion batteries.J Power Sources2009;189:1154-63

[27]

Chen G.Thermal instability of olivine-type LiMnPO4 cathodes.J Power Sources2010;195:1221-4

[28]

Hong J,Wang X.LiFexMn1-xPO4: a cathode for lithium-ion batteries.J Power Sources2011;196:3659-63

[29]

Dompablo MAY, Amador U, Tarascon J. A computational investigation on fluorinated-polyanionic compounds as positive electrode for lithium batteries.J Power Sources2007;174:1251-7

[30]

Islam MS,Fisher CAJ.Atomic-scale investigation of defects, dopants, and lithium transport in the LiFePO4 olivine-type battery material.Chem Mater2005;17:5085-92

[31]

Fisher CAJ,Islam MS.Lithium battery materials LiMPO4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni): insights into defect association, transport mechanisms, and doping behavior.Chem Mater2008;20:5907-15

[32]

Jensen KMØ,Gunnlaugsson HP.Defects in hydrothermally synthesized LiFePO4 and LiFe1-xMnxPO4 cathode materials.Chem Mater2013;25:2282-90

[33]

Padhi AK,Goodenough JB.Phospho-olivines as positive-electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries.J Electrochem Soc1997;144:1188-94

[34]

Muraliganth T.Understanding the shifts in the redox potentials of olivine LiM1-yMyPO4 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, and Mg) solid solution cathodes.J Phys Chem C2010;114:15530-40

[35]

Wi S,Lee S.Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy for the electronic structure of LixMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 mesocrystal in Li+ batteries.Nano Energy2017;31:495-503

[36]

Yu H,Chen L.Surface enrichment and diffusion enabling gradient-doping and coating of Ni-rich cathode toward Li-ion batteries.Nat Commun2021;12:4564 PMCID:PMC8316340

[37]

Delmas C,Croguennec L,Weill F.Lithium deintercalation in LiFePO4 nanoparticles via a domino-cascade model.Nat Mater2008;7:665-71

[38]

Ravnsbæk DB,Xing W.Engineering the transformation strain in LiMnyFe1-yPO4 olivines for ultrahigh rate battery cathodes.Nano Lett2016;16:2375-80

[39]

Yang G,Liu H.The doping effect on the crystal structure and electrochemical properties of LiMnxM1-xPO4 (M = Mg, V, Fe, Co, Gd).J Power Sources2011;196:4747-55

[40]

Xiang K,Ravnsbæk DB.Accommodating high transformation strains in battery electrodes via the formation of nanoscale intermediate phases: operando investigation of olivine NaFePO4.Nano Lett2017;17:1696-702

[41]

Drezen T,Bowen P,Isono M.Effect of particle size on LiMnPO4 cathodes.J Power Sources2007;174:949-53

[42]

Delacourt C,Morcrette M,Masquelier C.One-step low-temperature route for the preparation of electrochemically active LiMnPO4 powders.Chem Mater2004;16:93-9

[43]

Dong Y,Duan H.Enhanced electrochemical performance of LiMnPO4 by Li+-conductive Li3VO4 surface coatings.Electrochim Acta2014;132:244-50

[44]

Minnetti L,Hassoun J.Synthesis and characterization of a LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 olivine cathode for application in a new lithium polymer battery.Adv Sustain Syst2022;6:2100464

[45]

Lou X,Cheng D.Solvent-free quasi-solid polymer electrolyte with a high dielectric constant for stable lithium metal anodes.Chem Eng J2023;468:143681

[46]

Li S,Hu C,Wang L.Potassium 2-thienyl tri-fluoroborate as a functional electrolyte additive enables stable interfaces for Li/LiFe0.3Mn0.7PO4 batteries.J Colloid Interface Sci2023;646:150-8

[47]

Ju J,Chen B.Integrated interface strategy toward room temperature solid-state lithium batteries.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2018;10:13588-97

[48]

Liow CH,Kim S.Machine learning assisted synthesis of lithium-ion batteries cathode materials.Nano Energy2022;98:107214

[49]

Li Y,Xiong S.Boosting manganese-based phosphate cathode performance via Fe or Ni solid solution for lithium-ion battery: a first-principles and experiment study.Energy Fuels2023;37:19304-19

[50]

Li Y,Wang Z.Constructing a hierarchical LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C cathode via comodification of Li3PO4 and graphite for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.ACS Appl Energy Mater2022;5:10983-93

[51]

Li J,Wu J,Liu H.CNT-embedded LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C microsphere cathode with high rate capability and cycling stability for lithium ion batteries.J Alloys Compd2018;731:864-72

[52]

Zhao Z,Chen W.Sandwich, vertical-channeled thick electrodes with high rate and cycle performance.Adv Funct Mater2019;29:1809196

[53]

Zhang G,Mo M.3D anchoring structured for LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4@cornstalk-C cathode materials.Chin Chem Lett2023;34:108164

[54]

Zeng T,Fan C.LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4@C cathode prepared via a novel hydrated MnHPO4 intermediate for high performance lithium-ion batteries.Inorg Chem Front2023;10:1164-75

[55]

Yang Y,Gu Y.The effect of using nano-bubble water as a solvent on the properties of lithium iron manganese phosphate prepared by solvothermal method.Mater Lett2021;299:130053

[56]

Wen F,Gao P.Graphene-embedded LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 composites with promoted electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries.Electrochim Acta2018;276:134-41

[57]

Peng Z,Hu G.Green and efficient synthesis of micro-nano LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C composite with high-rate performance for Li-ion battery.Electrochim Acta2021;387:138456

[58]

Xiong J,Wang Y,Zhang J.Three-dimensional (3D) LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 nanoflowers assembled from interconnected nanoflakes as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.Ceram Int2017;43:3190-5

[59]

Yu M,Ning X.Improving electrochemical performance of LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 cathode by hybrid coating of Li3VO4 and carbon.Electrochim Acta2021;368:137597

[60]

Leng F,Jing L.Electrospun polycrystalline LiFe0.2Mn0.8PO4/carbon composite fibers for lithium-ion battery.Colloid Surface A2016;495:54-61

[61]

Xiong J,Wang Y.PVP-assisted solvothermal synthesis of LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C nanorods as cathode material for lithium ion batteries.Ceram Int2016;42:9018-24

[62]

Zoller F,Luxa J.Freestanding LiFe0.2Mn0.8PO4/rGO nanocomposites as high energy density fast charging cathodes for lithium-ion batteries.Mater Today Energy2020;16:100416

[63]

Zhang LS,Liu XH.CHAIN: unlocking informatics-aided design of Li metal anode from materials to applications.Rare Met2022;41:1477-89

[64]

Zhang H,Jiang J.Three dimensional nano-LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4@C/CNT as cathode materials for high-rate lithium-ion batteries.J Energy Chem2018;27:544-51

[65]

Yu X,Liu Q.Rheological phase reaction method synthesis and characterizations of xLiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4-yLi3V2(PO4)3/C composites as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.J Mater Res2020;35:2-11

[66]

Ouyang CY,Wang ZX,Huang XJ.The effect of Cr doping on Li ion diffusion in LiFePO4 from first principles investigations and Monte Carlo simulations.J Phys Condens Matter2004;16:2265-72

[67]

Liu S,Dai E.Effect of carbon content on properties of LiMn0.8Fe0.19Mg0.01PO4/C composite cathode for lithium ion batteries.Electrochim Acta2014;116:97-102

[68]

Huang QY,Su J,Lv XY.Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Ti-Fe co-doped LiMnPO4/C as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.Ceram Int2016;42:11348-54

[69]

Ding D,Kubota M,Kanamura K.Holey reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube/LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 composite cathode for high-performance lithium batteries.J Power Sources2020;449:227553

[70]

Zhu Y,Li Y,Abraham DP.Perfluoroalkyl-substituted ethylene carbonates: novel electrolyte additives for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries.J Power Sources2014;246:184-91

[71]

Zhang Y,Wang S,Li L.Poly(vinyl alcohol)-assisted fabrication of hollow carbon spheres/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes.ACS Nano2018;12:4824-34

[72]

Zhang J,Zhang M.Flexible and ion-conducting membrane electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries: dispersion of garnet nanoparticles in insulating polyethylene oxide.Nano Energy2016;28:447-54

[73]

Lv Z,Lin J.First-principles study on LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 doping to decrease the Jahn-Teller effect.J Solid State Electrochem2024;28:577-87

[74]

Hu H,Lei Y.Mg-doped LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C nano-plate as a high-performance cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.J Energy Stor2023;73:109006

[75]

Liu W,Hao R.Contribution of calcium ion doping to the rate property for LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/C.J Electroanal Chem2023;929:117117

[76]

Yi H,Fang H.Optimized electrochemical performance of LiMn0.9Fe0.1-xMgxPO4/C for lithium ion batteries.Electrochim Acta2011;56:4052-7

[77]

Li R,Zhang W,Zeng T.Structure and performance of Na+ and Fe2+ co-doped Li1-xNaxMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C nanocapsule synthesized by a simple solvothermal method for lithium ion batteries.Ceram Int2019;45:10501-10

[78]

Duan J,Cao Y,Peng Z.Synthesis of high-performance Fe-Mg-co-doped LiMnPO4/C via a mechano-chemical liquid-phase activation technique.Ionics2016;22:609-19

[79]

Kim D,Choi W.Boosting both electronic and ionic conductivities via incorporation of molybdenum for LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 cathode in lithium-ion batteries.J Alloys Compd2024;989:174396

[80]

Yi H,He X.Electrochemical performance of LiMnPO4 by Fe and Zn co-doping for lithium-ion batteries.Ionics2015;21:667-71

[81]

Du K,Cao YB,Peng ZD.Synthesis of LiFe0.4Mn0.6-xNixPO4/C by co-precipitation method and its electrochemical performances.J Appl Electrochem2011;41:1349-55

[82]

Fang H,Yang B,Ma W.LiMn0.8Fe0.19Mg0.01PO4/C as a high performance cathode material for lithium ion batteries.J Power Sources2012;204:193-6

[83]

Thaheem I,Lee JJ,Jeong I.High performance Mn1.3Co1.3Cu0.4O4 spinel based composite cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells.J Mater Chem A2019;7:19696-703

[84]

Podgornova OA,Sosenkin VE.Increasing the efficiency of carbon coating on olivine-structured cathodes by choosing a carbon precursor.J Electroanal Chem2022;907:116059

[85]

Li Y,Peng Z.Metal-organic framework-derived LiFePO4/C composites for lithium storage: in situ construction, effective exploitation, and targeted restoration.EcoMat2023;5:e12415

[86]

Cui X,Dong H.Modification of phosphorus-doped carbon coating enhances the electrochemical performance of LiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4 cathode material.J Alloys Compd2021;885:160946

[87]

Fan RZ,Hu Z.Construction of high performance N-doped carbon coated LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 nanocrystal cathode for lithium-ion batteries.J Alloys Compd2021;876:160090

[88]

Tuo K,Ding H.Boron and phosphorus dual-doped carbon coating improves electrochemical performances of LiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4 cathode materials.ACS Appl Energy Mater2021;4:8003-15

[89]

Zhao Q,Tang F.Compatibility between lithium bis(oxalate)borate-based electrolytes and a LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4/C cathode for lithium-ion batteries.Energy Technol2017;5:406-13

[90]

Yu H,Hwang GC,Kang DW.Optimization of high potential cathode materials and lithium conducting hybrid solid electrolyte for high-voltage all-solid-state batteries.Electrochim Acta2021;365:137349

[91]

Ye F,He X.Solvothermal synthesis of nano LiMn0.9Fe0.1PO4: reaction mechanism and electrochemical properties.J Power Sources2014;253:143-9

[92]

Yang H,Sun Y,Liu T.Fe-doped LiMnPO4@C nanofibers with high Li-ion diffusion coefficient.Carbon2020;158:102-9

[93]

Xie X,Hu G.A new route for green synthesis of LiFe0.25Mn0.75PO4/C@rGO material for lithium ion batteries.J Alloys Compd2021;853:157106

[94]

Xiao P,Chen X,Chang C.Improved electrochemical performance of LiFe0.4Mn0.6PO4/C with Cr3+ doping.RSC Adv2017;7:31558-66

[95]

Wang H,Liu J.Electrolytes enriched by crown ethers for lithium metal batteries.Adv Funct Mater2021;31:2002578

[96]

Chang H,Fang ZK,Zhu YR.Construction of carbon-coated LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4@Li0.33La0.56TiO3 nanorod composites for high-performance Li-ion batteries.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2021;13:33102-11

[97]

Choi J. Samsung SDI unveils high-performance LMFP battery. 2023. Available from: https://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=200970 [Last accessed on 13 Sep 2024]

[98]

IEA. Global EV outlook 2019. Available from: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2019 [Last accessed on 13 Sep 2024].

[99]

Bennett S. Who wants to be in charge? Available from: https://www.iea.org/commentaries/who-wants-to-be-in-charge [Last accessed on 13 Sep 2024]

[100]

IEA. Batteries and hydrogen technology: keys for a clean energy future. Available from: https://www.iea.org/articles/batteries-and-hydrogen-technology-keys-for-a-clean-energy-future# [Last accessed on 13 Sep 2024]

[101]

Zhang P. Gotion unveils new battery based on LMFP chemistry with range up to 1,000 km; 2023. Available from: https://cnevpost.com/2023/05/19/gotion-unveils-new-battery-lmfp-chemistry-range-1000-km/ [Last accessed on 13 Sep 2024]

[102]

GGII. 2023 China lithium battery cathode material market analysis report. Available from: https://www.gg-ii.com/art-2767.html [Last accessed on 13 Sep 2024]

[103]

IEA. Global EV outlook 2023. Available from: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023 [Last accessed on 13 Sep 2024]

[104]

CTS. Industry analysis report on lithium iron manganese phosphate: dual advantages in cost and performance, industrialization of lithium iron manganese phosphate is imminent. 2024. Available from: https://www.vzkoo.com/document/2024020234a5f532a513a40e1692633d.html [Last accessed on 13 Sep 2024]

[105]

Yang CC,Lue SJ.Improved electrochemical properties of LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/C composite materials via a surface coating process.J Power Sources2016;325:565-74

[106]

Starke B,Schulz M.Gas evolution and capacity fading in LiFexMn1-xPO4/graphite cells studied by neutron imaging and neutron induced prompt gamma activation analysis.J Electrochem Soc2017;164:A3943-8

[107]

Jalkanen K.Entropy change characteristics of LiMn0.67Fe0.33PO4 and Li4Ti5O12 electrode materials.J Power Sources2015;273:351-9

[108]

Liu Y,Wen X,Yu A.Li2ZrO3 coated LiFe0.4Mn0.6PO4/C with enhanced cycling performance at elevated temperature for lithium-ion batteries.J Power Sources2024;613:234938

[109]

Leslie K,Rathore D,Metzger M.Correlating Mn dissolution and capacity fade in LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/graphite cells during cycling and storage at elevated temperature.J Electrochem Soc2024;171:040520

[110]

Oh SM,Park JB,Amine K.Double-structured LiMn0.85Fe0.15PO4 coordinated with LiFePO4 for rechargeable lithium batteries.Angew Chem Int Ed2012;51:1853-6

[111]

Oh SM,Choi YS,Sun YK.Co-precipitation synthesis of micro-sized spherical LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 cathode material for lithium batteries.J Mater Chem2011;21:19368-74

[112]

Rui XH,Feng XY,Chen CH.A comparative study on the low-temperature performance of LiFePO4/C and Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathodes for lithium-ion batteries.J Power Sources2011;196:2109-14

[113]

Wang F,Tan Z.Low-temperature electrochemical performances of LiFePO4 cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng2014;45:1321-30

[114]

Wu Z,Bi H,Gao S.Recycling of electrode materials from spent lithium-ion power batteries via thermal and mechanical treatments.Waste Manag Res2021;39:607-19

[115]

Boesenberg U,Rasmussen KL,Garrevoet J.State of LiFePO4 Li-ion battery electrodes after 6533 deep-discharge cycles characterized by combined micro-XRF and micro-XRD.ACS Appl Energy Mater2022;5:4358-68

[116]

Yang C,Jing QK,Chen YQ.Recovery and regeneration of LiFePO4 from spent lithium-ion batteries via a novel pretreatment process.Int J Miner Metall Mater2021;28:1478-87

[117]

Zeng S,Jin H.A green strategy towards fabricating FePO4-graphene oxide for high-performance cathode of lithium/sodium-ion batteries recovered from spent batteries.J Electroanal Chem2022;913:116287

[118]

Hu Z,Gan T,Wang Y.High-intensity magnetic separation for recovery of LiFePO4 and graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries.Sep Purif Technol2022;297:121486

[119]

Zhang B,Chen X.A sodium salt-assisted roasting approach followed by leaching for recovering spent LiFePO4 batteries.J Hazard Mater2022;424:127586

[120]

Jiang Y,Yan S,Zhou T.Mechanochemistry-induced recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries for synergistic treatment of mixed cathode powders.Green Chem2022;24:5987-97

[121]

Peng D,Wang S.Efficient regeneration of retired LiFePO4 cathode by combining spontaneous and electrically driven processes.Green Chem2022;24:4544-56

[122]

Qiu X,Xu Y.Enabling the sustainable recycling of LiFePO4 from spent lithium-ion batteries.Green Chem2022;24:2506-15

[123]

Zhou S,Xiong X.Direct recovery of scrapped LiFePO4 by a green and low-cost electrochemical re-lithiation method.Green Chem2022;24:6278-86

[124]

Gou Y,Li R.Direct regeneration of high-value LiFePO4 cathode materials with nitrogen doped carbon coating.Electrochim Acta2024;488:144180

[125]

Sun J,Jia P.A sustainable revival process for defective LiFePO4 cathodes through the synergy of defect-targeted healing and in-situ construction of 3D-interconnected porous carbon networks.Waste Manag2023;158:125-35

[126]

Li X,Zhou Q.The prilling and cocoating collaborative strategy to construct high performance of regeneration LiFePO4 materials.ACS Mater Lett2024;6:640-7

[127]

Jia K,Wang J.Long-life regenerated LiFePO4 from spent cathode by elevating the d-band center of Fe (Adv. Mater. 5/2023).Adv Mater2023;35:2370034

[128]

Ji G,Liang Z.Direct regeneration of degraded lithium-ion battery cathodes with a multifunctional organic lithium salt.Nat Commun2023;14:584 PMCID:PMC9898549

[129]

Wang W,Zhan R.Probing hybrid LiFePO4/FePO4 phases in a single olive LiFePO4 particle and their recovering from degraded electric vehicle batteries.Nano Lett2023;23:7485-92

[130]

Chen B,Cao S.Direct regeneration and performance of spent LiFePO4 via a green efficient hydrothermal technique.J Alloys Compd2022;924:166487

[131]

Wang Z,Wang X,Wu X.Green phosphate route of regeneration of LiFePO4 composite materials from spent lithium-ion batteries.Ind Eng Chem Res2023;62:1181-94

[132]

Du M,Zheng SH.Direct reuse of LiFePO4 cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries: extracting Li from brine.Chin Chem Lett2023;34:107706

[133]

Yue XH.Recycling spent LiFePO4 battery for fabricating visible-light photocatalyst with adsorption-photocatalytic synergistic performance and simultaneous recovery of lithium and phosphorus.Chem Eng J2022;450:138388

[134]

Yang L,Wang C.Closed-loop regeneration of battery-grade FePO4 from lithium extraction slag of spent Li-ion batteries via phosphoric acid mixture selective leaching.Chem Eng J2022;431:133232

[135]

Shan M,Meng K.Recycling of LiFePO4 cathode materials: from laboratory scale to industrial production.Mater Today2024;73:130-50

[136]

Zhang X,Zhou X.Study on metal recovery process and kinetics of oxidative leaching from spent LiFePO4 Li-batteries.Chin J Chem Eng2024;68:94-102

[137]

Durmus YE,Baakes F.Side by side battery technologies with lithium-ion based batteries.Adv Energy Mater2020;10:2000089

[138]

Li Y,Huang H.Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries in view of green chemistry.Green Chem2021;23:6139-71

[139]

Yue XH,Zhang WB,Zhang FS.Recycling phosphorus from spent LiFePO4 battery for multifunctional slow-release fertilizer preparation and simultaneous recovery of Lithium.Chem Eng J2021;426:131311

[140]

Jin H,Wang D,Chen Y.Facile and efficient recovery of lithium from spent LiFePO4 batteries via air oxidation-water leaching at room temperature.Green Chem2022;24:152-62

[141]

Deng Y,Zou K,Zhao Z.Recent advances of Mn-rich LiFe1-yMnyPO4 (0.5 < y < 1.0) cathode materials for high energy density lithium ion batteries.Adv Energy Mater2017;7:1601958

[142]

Ding J,Tian H.Synthesis of high rate performance LiFe1-xMnxPO4/C composites for lithium-ion batteries.Ceram Int2016;42:12435-40

[143]

Nwachukwu IM,Ekwealor ABC.Recent progress in Mn and Fe-rich cathode materials used in Li-ion batteries.J Energy Stor2022;54:105248

[144]

He L,Ge X.Iron-phosphate-based cathode materials for cost-effective sodium-ion batteries: development, challenges, and prospects.Adv Mater Inter2022;9:2200515

[145]

Meng J,Ma Q.Modulating crystal and interfacial properties by W-gradient doping for highly stable and long life Li-rich layered cathodes.Adv Funct Mater2022;32:2113013

[146]

Zhou J,Huang J.Direct upcycling of leached FePO4 from spent lithium-ion batteries toward gradient-doped LiMnxFe1-xPO4 cathode material.Adv Energy Mater2024;14:2302761

[147]

Ji G,Wang J.Sustainable upcycling of mixed spent cathodes to a high-voltage polyanionic cathode material.Nat Commun2024;15:4086 PMCID:PMC11094161

[148]

Xu C,Yang Y.Integrated process of CO2 sequestration and recycling spent LiFePO4 batteries.Energy Stor Mater2023;60:102819

[149]

Luo K,Liu T.A high-performance zinc-air battery cathode catalyst from recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries.Small Struct2023;4:2300107

PDF

81

Accesses

0

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/