Interlayer expansion and conductive networking of MoS₂ nanoroses mediated by bio-derived carbon for enhanced potassium-ion storage

Abstract

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) represent a promising battery technology for energy storage applications. Nevertheless, the progress of PIBs is still hindered by the lack of electrode materials that allow rapid and repeatable accommodation of the large K⁺ ions. Herein, a composite anode material containing interlayered-expanded MoS₂ (55.6% larger) nanoroses in carbon nanonets (MoS₂/C@CNs) is designed with the assistance of biomass bagasse, of which the dual carbon sources convert into interlayer and skeleton carbon, respectively. The unique structure facilitates electron/ion transport in the entire electrode and offers excellent structural stability, leading to much improved electrochemical performance compared to simple MoS₂/C composite and pure MoS₂. Furthermore, the role of electrolyte salts (potassium hexafluorophosphate and potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide) and the electrolyte concentration on the interfacial properties in PIBs have been explored. The results indicate that the low-concentration potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide electrolyte helps to produce optimized organic-inorganic solid electrolyte interface films, contributing to a capacity retention of 90% after 1,000 cycles at 2 A g^-1.

Keywords

MoS₂ / biomass / interlayer expansion / potassium-ion batteries / anode materials

References

[1] Rajagopalan R,Ji X,Wang H.Advancements and challenges in potassium ion batteries: a comprehensive review.Adv Funct Mater2020;30:1909486

[2] Liu Q,Jiang C.Multi-ion strategies towards emerging rechargeable batteries with high performance.Energy Stor Mater2019;23:566-86

[3] Wang B,Yuan F.An insight into the initial Coulombic efficiency of carbon-based anode materials for potassium-ion batteries.Chem Eng J2022;428:131093

[4] Liu S,Henzie J.Recent advances and perspectives of battery-type anode materials for potassium ion storage.ACS Nano2021;15:18931-73

[5] Wu H,Shen G.MoS₂/C/C nanofiber with double-layer carbon coating for high cycling stability and rate capability in lithium-ion batteries.Nano Res2018;11:5866-78

[6] Wang X,Cheng X,Wang D.Chitosan-induced synthesis of hierarchical flower ridge-like MoS₂/N-doped carbon composites with enhanced lithium storage.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2018;10:35953-62

[7] Zhao LP,Wang HY.MoS₂-C composite as negative electrode material for sodium-ion supercapattery.Acta Phys Chim Sin2017; 33:787-94

[8] Sun W,Wang C.Effects of carbon content on the electrochemical performances of MoS₂-C nanocomposites for Li-ion batteries.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2016;8:22168-74

[9] Wang L,Wang Y.Unleashing ultra-fast sodium ion storage mechanisms in interface-engineered monolayer MoS₂/C interoverlapped superstructure with robust charge transfer networks.J Mater Chem A2020;8:15002-11

[10] Li Y,Qian Y.2D interspace confined growth of ultrathin MoS₂-intercalated graphite hetero-layers for high-rate Li/K storage.Nano Res2021;14:1061-8

[11] Jia B,Zhao Y.Bamboo-like hollow tubes with MoS₂/N-doped-C interfaces boost potassium-ion storage.Adv Funct Mater2018;28:1803409

[12] Guo J,Shen K.Controllable synthesis of tunable few-layered MoS₂ chemically bonding with in situ conversion nitrogen-doped carbon for ultrafast reversible sodium and potassium storage.Chem Eng J2020;393:124703

[13] Luo B,Zhang J.Van der Waals heterostructure engineering by 2D space-confinement for advanced potassium-ion storage.Nano Res2021;14:3854-63

[14] Zheng N,Chen X,Zhou Y.Rational design of a tubular, interlayer expanded MoS₂-N/O doped carbon composite for excellent potassium-ion storage.J Mater Chem A2019;7:9305-15

[15] Cao L,Xia H.Hierarchical chrysanthemum-like MoS₂/Sb heterostructure encapsulated into N-doped graphene framework for superior potassium-ion storage.Chem Eng J2020;387:124060

[16] Cui Y,Feng W.Controlled design of well-dispersed ultrathin MoS₂ nanosheets inside hollow carbon skeleton: toward fast potassium storage by constructing spacious “houses” for K ions.Adv Funct Mater2020;30:1908755

[17] Lee JS,Baek KW.Coral-like porous microspheres comprising polydopamine-derived N-doped C-coated MoSe₂ nanosheets composited with graphitic carbon as anodes for high-rate sodium- and potassium-ion batteries.Chem Eng J2023;456:141118

[18] Luo L,Xia L.An ultra-thin interlayer bimetallic sulfide for enhancing electrons transport of supercapacitor electrode.J Energy Stor2022;55:105528

[19] Yuan F,Li Z.Unraveling the intercorrelation between micro/mesopores and K migration behavior in hard carbon.Small2022;18:e2107113

[20] Luo Z,Wang X.Simultaneously engineering electron conductivity, site density and intrinsic activity of MoS₂ via the cation and anion codoping strategy.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2019;11:39782-8

[21] Bai J,Zhou J.Glucose-induced synthesis of 1T-MoS₂/C hybrid for high-rate lithium-ion batteries.Small2019;15:e1805420

[22] Wang J,Gao T,Mignerey AC.An advanced MoS₂ /carbon anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.Small2015;11:473-81

[23] Zhao X,Liu X,Zong M.Magnetic nanorods/carbon fibers heterostructures coated with flower-like MoS₂ layers for superior microwave absorption.Carbon2023;213:118265

[24] Liu Y,Jiao L.Graphene intercalated in graphene-like MoS₂: a promising cathode for rechargeable Mg batteries.J Power Sources2017;340:104-10

[25] Wu K,Li M,Zhan J.Bottom-up synthesis of MoS₂/CNTs hollow polyhedron with 1T/2H hybrid phase for superior potassium-ion storage.Small2020;16:e2004178

[26] Ma G,Wang Y,Yang J.N, P-codoped graphene supported few-layered MoS₂ as a long-life and high-rate anode materials for potassium-ion storage.Nano Res2021;14:3523-30

[27] He Y,Huang Z.Effect of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film on cyclic performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ anodes for Li ion batteries.J Power Sources2013;239:269-76

[28] Pramudita JC,Goonetilleke D.An initial review of the status of electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries.Adv Energy Mater2017;7:1602911

[29] Su X,Cheng G.Controllable hydrothermal synthesis of Cu-doped δ-MnO₂ films with different morphologies for energy storage and conversion using supercapacitors.Appl Energy2014;134:439-45

[30] Zhu Y,Zhang Y,Zhang Y.Nitrogen/oxygen dual-doped hierarchically porous carbon/graphene composite as high-performance anode for potassium storage.Electrochim Acta2021;377:138093

[31] Liu Z,Li P.Tuning metallic Co_0.85Se quantum dots/carbon hollow polyhedrons with tertiary hierarchical structure for high-performance potassium ion batteries.Nanomicro Lett2019;11:96 PMCID:PMC7770851

[32] Hosaka T,Kubota K,Komaba S.Development of KPF₆/KFSA binary-salt solutions for long-life and high-voltage K-ion batteries.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2020;12:34873-81

[33] Zhu X,Luo B,Wang L.A stable high-power Na₂Ti₃O₇/LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ Li-ion hybrid energy storage device.Electrochim Acta2018;284:30-7

[34] Zhu X,Wang M.Synchronous densification and conductivity modulation of nano-titanate for pseudocapacitive Li-ion storage.Adv Funct Mater2024;34:2311025

[35] Augustyn V,Dunn B.Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage.Energy Environ Sci2014;7:1597-614

[36] Dees DW,Abraham DP.Analysis of the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) as applied to a lithium-ion porous electrode.J Power Sources2009;189:263-8

[37] Zhou J,Zhang S,Guo Z.Metal chalcogenides for potassium storage.InfoMat2020;2:437-65

[38] Li B,Zhang Z.Electrolyte-regulated solid-electrolyte interphase enables long cycle life performance in organic cathodes for potassium-ion batteries.Adv Funct Mater2019;29:1807137

[39] Wang H,Kang F.Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in potassium ion batteries.Energy Environ Sci2020;13:4583-608

[40] Deng L,Wang R.Influence of KPF₆ and KFSI on the performance of anode materials for potassium-ion batteries: a case study of MoS₂.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2019;11:22449-56

[41] Peng Y,Wang Z.Regulating anion chemistry with F-containing bonds enable superior potassium ions storage in hard carbon.Energy Stor Mater2023;62:102942

[42] Wang Z,Wu J.Rejuvenating propylene carbonate-based electrolytes by regulating the coordinated structure toward all-climate potassium-ion batteries.Energy Environ Sci2024;17:274-83

[43] Allgayer F,Jeschull F.Comparing the solid electrolyte interphases on graphite electrodes in K and Li half cells.ACS Appl Energy Mater2022;5:1136-48

[44] Liu P,Hao H.Stable potassium metal anodes with an all-aluminum current collector through improved electrolyte wetting.Adv Mater2020;32:e2002908

[45] Gabryelczyk A,Bund A.Taguchi method in experimental procedures focused on corrosion process of positive current collector in lithium-ion batteries.Electrochim Acta2020;360:137011

[46] Zhang L,Zhang L.Synergistic effect between lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and lithium bis-oxalato borate (LiBOB) salts in LiPF₆-based electrolyte for high-performance Li-ion batteries.Electrochim Acta2014;127:39-44