Digitization of flow battery experimental process research and development

Abstract

Rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations urgently call for advanced sustainable energy storage solutions, underlining the pivotal role of renewable energies. This perspective delves into the capabilities of redox flow batteries as potential grid storage contenders, highlighting their benefits over traditional lithium-ion batteries. While all-vanadium flow batteries have established themselves, concerns about vanadium availability have steered interest toward Organic Flow Batteries. The multifaceted nature of organic materials calls for an integrated approach combining artificial intelligence, robotics, and material science to enhance battery efficacy. The union of artificial intelligence and robotics expedites the research and development trajectory, encompassing everything from data assimilation to continuous refinement. With the burgeoning metaverse, a groundbreaking avenue for collaborative research emerges, potentially revolutionizing flow battery research and catalyzing the progression towards sustainable energy resolutions.

Keywords

Renewable energies / redox flow batteries / material science / artificial intelligence / robotics / metaverse

References

[1] Zakeri B.Electrical energy storage systems: a comparative life cycle cost analysis.Renew Sustain Energy Rev2015;42:569-96

[2] Aneke M.Energy storage technologies and real life applications - a state of the art review.Appl Energy2016;179:350-77

[3] Renewable energy policy network for the 21 century. 2017. Available from: https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/GSR2017_Full-Report_English.pdf [Last accessed on 11 Mar 2023].

[4] Bullough C,Jakiel C,Nowi A. Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage for the integration of wind energy. In Proceedings of the european wind energy conference; 22-25 Nov 2004, London, UK. Available from: https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1202/ML12026A783.pdf [Last accessed on 11 Mar 2023]

[5] Harby A,Korpås M,Solvang E.Pumped storage hydropower. In: Transition to renewable energy systems; 2013, p. 597.

[6] Huang H,Hou L.Advanced protective layer design on the surface of Mg-based metal and application in batteries: challenges and progress.J Power Sources2022;542:231755

[7] Wu J,Zhong B,Liu W.Designing anion-derived solid electrolyte interphase in a siloxane-based electrolyte for lithium-metal batteries.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2022;14:27873-81

[8] Wang W,Li B,Li L.Recent progress in redox flow battery research and development.Adv Funct Mater2013;23:970-86

[9] Chalamala BR,Fisher GR,Viswanathan VV.Redox flow batteries: an engineering perspective.Proc IEEE2014;102:976-99

[10] Goldstein A. Federal policy to accelerate innovation in long-duration energy storage: the case for flow batteries. 2021. Available from: https://itif.org/publications/2021/04/07/federal-policy-accelerate-innovation-long-duration-energy-storage-case-flow/ [Last accessed on 11 Mar 2023]

[11] Gür TM.Review of electrical energy storage technologies, materials and systems: challenges and prospects for large-scale grid storage.Energy Environ Sci2018;11:2696-767

[12] Iwakiri I,Almeida H,Figueira RB.Redox flow batteries: materials, design and prospects.Energies2021;14:5643

[13] Yuan X,Platt A.A review of all-vanadium redox flow battery durability: degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies.Int J Energy Res2019;43:6599

[14] Lu W,Zhao Y,Zhang H.High-performance porous uncharged membranes for vanadium flow battery applications created by tuning cohesive and swelling forces.Energy Environ Sci2016;9:2319-25

[15] Jia C,Yan C.A significantly improved membrane for vanadium redox flow battery.J Power Sources2010;195:4380-3

[16] Lou X,He M.Functionalized carbon black modified sulfonated polyether ether ketone membrane for highly stable vanadium redox flow battery.J Membr Sci2022;643:120015

[17] Wei X,Duan W.Materials and systems for organic redox flow batteries: status and challenges.ACS Energy Lett2017;2:2187-204

[18] Larcher D.Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage.Nat Chem2015;7:19-29

[19] Ding Y,Zhang L,Yu G.Molecular engineering of organic electroactive materials for redox flow batteries.Chem Soc Rev2018;47:69-103

[20] Tabor DP,Saikin SK.Accelerating the discovery of materials for clean energy in the era of smart automation.Nat Rev Mater2018;3:5-20

[21] Wang C,Wang Y.High-performance alkaline organic redox flow batteries based on 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone.ACS Energy Lett2018;3:2404-9

[22] Tong L,Tabor DP.Molecular engineering of an alkaline naphthoquinone flow battery.ACS Energy Lett2019;4:1880-7

[23] Yu J,Zhang H.A robust anionic sulfonated ferrocene derivative for pH-neutral aqueous flow battery.Energy Stor Mater2020;29:216-22

[24] Hwang B,Kim K.Ferrocene and cobaltocene derivatives for non-aqueous redox flow batteries.ChemSusChem2015;8:310-4

[25] Gerhardt MR,Chen Q,Aziz MJ.Anthraquinone derivatives in aqueous flow batteries.Meet Abstr2016;MA2016-01:382

[26] Yang X,Janoschka T,Hager MD.Novel, stable catholyte for aqueous organic redox flow batteries: symmetric cell study of hydroquinones with high accessible capacity.Molecules2021;26:3823 PMCID:PMC8270313

[27] Lai YY,Zhu Y.Polymeric active materials for redox flow battery application.ACS Appl Polym Mater2020;2:113-28

[28] Janoschka T,Martin U.An aqueous, polymer-based redox-flow battery using non-corrosive, safe, and low-cost materials.Nature2015;527:78-81

[29] Li T,Li X.Machine learning for flow batteries: opportunities and challenges.Chem Sci2022;13:4740-52 PMCID:PMC9067567

[30] Pyzer-knapp EO,Staar PWJ.Accelerating materials discovery using artificial intelligence, high performance computing and robotics.NPJ Comput Mater2022;8:84

[31] Huang S.A database of battery materials auto-generated using ChemDataExtractor.Sci Data2020;7:260 PMCID:PMC7411033

[32] Liang Y,Feng R.High-throughput solubility determination for data-driven materials design and discovery in redox flow battery research. ChemRxiv 2023

[33] Duke R,Sornberger P,Risko C.Towards a comprehensive data infrastructure for redox-active organic molecules targeting non-aqueous redox flow batteries.Dig Discov2023;2:1152-62

[34] Gao P,Sepulveda J.SOMAS: a platform for data-driven material discovery in redox flow battery development.Sci Data2022;9:740 PMCID:PMC9715657

[35] Häse F,Hickman RJ,Aspuru-guzik A.Gryffin: an algorithm for bayesian optimization of categorical variables informed by expert knowledge.Appl Phys Rev2021;8:031406

[36] Roch LM,Kreisbeck C.ChemOS: orchestrating autonomous experimentation.Sci Robot2018;3:eaat5559

[37] Boyce BL.Progress toward autonomous experimental systems for alloy development.MRS Bull2019;44:273-80

[38] Zhu X.Toward the uniform of chemical theory, simulation, and experiments in metaverse technology.Precis Chem2023;1:192-8

[39] Li T,Yuan Z,Li X.A data-driven and DFT assisted theoretic guide for membrane design in flow batteries.J Mater Chem A2021;9:14545-52

[40] Wang F,Liu Z,Wu J.Computational design of quinone electrolytes for redox flow batteries using high-throughput machine learning and theoretical calculations.Front Chem Eng2023;4:1086412

[41] Chen Q,Hartle L.A quinone-bromide flow battery with 1 W/cm² power density.J Electrochem Soc2016;163:A5010-3

[42] Xiong Z,Liu X.Pushing the boundaries of molecular representation for drug discovery with the graph attention mechanism.J Med Chem2020;63:8749-60

[43] Merchant A,Schoenholz SS,Cheon G.Scaling deep learning for materials discovery.Nature2023;624:80-5 PMCID:PMC10700131

[44] Sorkun E,Khetan A,Er S.RedDB, a computational database of electroactive molecules for aqueous redox flow batteries.Sci Data2022;9:718 PMCID:PMC9705518