Promoting the reversibility of electrolytic MnO₂-Zn battery with high areal capacity by VOSO₄ mediator

Abstract

Electrolytic MnO₂-Zn batteries possess high energy density due to the high reduction potential and capacity of the cathode Mn²⁺/MnO₂. However, the low reversibility of the Mn²⁺/MnO₂ conversion results in a limited lifespan. In this study, we propose the utilization of VOSO₄ as a redox mediator in the MnO₂-Zn battery to facilitate the dissolution of MnO₂. Through various techniques such as electrochemical measurements, ex-situ UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopes, we validate the interaction between VO²⁺ and MnO₂, which effectively mitigates the accumulation of MnO₂. The introduction of the redox mediator results in exceptional redox reversibility and outstanding cycling stability of the MnO₂/VOSO₄-Zn battery at high areal capacities, with 900 cycles at 5 mAh cm^-2 and 500 cycles at 10 mAh cm^-2. Notably, even in the flow battery device, the battery exhibits a stable cycling performance over 300 cycles at 20 mAh cm^-2. These research findings shed light on the potential large-scale application of electrolytic MnO₂-Zn batteries.

Keywords

Electrolytic MnO₂-Zn batteries / high areal capacity / redox mediators / VOSO₄ / cycling stability

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