Rational design of nitrogen-doping Ti₃C₂T_xmicrospheres with enhanced polysulfide catalytic activity for lithium-sulfur batteries

Abstract

The primary challenges that impede the practical applications of lithium-sulfur batteries are the significant shuttle effect of polysulfides, huge volume expansion, and slow redox kinetics. In this work, three-dimensional nitrogen doping Ti₃C₂T_xMXenes (3D N-Ti₃C₂T_x) were successfully synthesized by spray drying and subsequent annealing, and hydrochloric acid-treated melamine effectively reduces the oxidation of MXenes in these processes. The formation of a unique nanoflower-shaped microsphere endows 3D N-Ti₃C₂T_x with a significant specific surface area and pore volume. The combination of nitrogen doping and the large specific surface area increased adsorption capacity and catalytic conversion ability for polysulfide intermediates. Consequently, the obtained 3D N-Ti₃C₂T_x/S cathode exhibited high-capacity retention (578.5 mAh g^-1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 C and 462.5 mAh g^-1 after 1,000 cycles at 1 C), superior rate performance (651.2 mAh g^-1 at 3 C), and excellent long-term cycling performance (capacity fading rate of 0.076% per cycle at 0.5 C and 0.046% per cycle at 1 C). This work expands the potential applications of MXenes for lithium-sulfur batteries.

Keywords

MXenes / spray drying / nitrogen doping / catalytic conversion / lithium-sulfur batteries

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