Review of Large-Scale Multi-Axial Loading Structural Test Equipment
Qibin Zhao , Huimeng Zhou , Pei-ching Chen , Xiangyun Huang , Yunhai Zeng , Haiyang Li
Earthquake Engineering and Resilience ›› 2026, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (1) : 5 -20.
Large-scale multi-axial loading structural test equipment (LMLSTE) is a very important tool to evaluate the seismic capacity of complex structural systems and components. This promotes the continuous development of LMLSTE and implementation all over the world. The structural test techniques are also developed together with LMLSTE. The two complement each other and promote each other. This study provides an overview of the current development of LMLSTE: basic components, principles of operation, performance indicators, as well as its applications in structural tests. To introduce the developmental context of LMLSTE, they are discussed separately into four categories: multi-axial sub-assemblage testing (MAST), load and boundary condition box (LBCB), pressure-shear machine, and multi-usage structural testing (MUST) system. The key technical challenges in LMLSTE are summarized, including coordinated control of multi-axial with different stiffness, multi-input and multi-output decoupling control, actuator redundancy constraints, and accurate force measurement. Finally, the potential LMLSTE are presented.
actuator redundancy constraints, accurate force measurement / coordinated control of multi-axial with different stiffness / large-scale multi-axial loading structural test equipment / multi-input and multi-output decoupling control
2026 Tianjin University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
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