Bacterial biofilms: Basic characteristics and strategies for the treatment of bacterial wound infections

Abstract

Bacterial biofilms (BFs) are widely present in nature, and more than 99% of bacteria can form BF, which is an important factor leading to persistent infection of refractory wound and repeated infection. The formation of BF is a dynamic cyclic process involving various physical, chemical and biological processes, mainly including bacterial attachment, BF formation and maturation, and bacterial diffusion. The bacteria in bacterial biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants, and more resilient to environmental changes, which presents many challenges in treatment. This article reviews the basic characteristics, resistance mechanisms and treatment strategies of BF. At present, there are many studies on the treatment of BF, which need to be selected according to the specific situation and pathophysiological process of wound infection, and can be used as a single method or in combination. This article introduces some treatment methods to provide a reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of BF.

Keywords

Bacterial biofilms / Characteristics / Wounds / Infection / Treatment

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Not applicable.

AUTHORS CONTRIBUTIONS

Aersileng contributed to the study conception, design and manuscript drafting; Junliang Li contributed to the study conception, guidance and review; Shengjun Cao and Lingfeng Wang contributed to the study conception and guidance.

FUNDING

Not applicable.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

INFORMED CONSENT

Obtained.

ETHICS APPROVAL

The Publication Ethics Committee of the Sciedu Press. The journal’s policies adhere to the Core Practices established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

PROVENANCE AND PEER REVIEW

Not commissioned; externally double-blind peer reviewed.

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.

DATA SHARING STATEMENT

No additional data are available.

OPEN ACCESS

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

COPYRIGHTS

Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal.

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