Balancing food security, vertebrate biodiversity, and healthy rice agroecosystems in Southeast Asia

Abstract

Rice is the dominant food staple and an important economic resource throughout Asia. Lowland rice production also provides important wetland habitats in support of biodiversity that may provide ecosystem services back to the rice agroecosystems. This review summarizes the literature on the ecosystem benefits that amphibians, birds, bats, and rodents support in the context of the Southeast Asia rice agroecosystems. The literature provides evidence that these taxonomic groups contribute to cultural, regulatory, and provisioning services in support of smallholder farmers and may allow for economic benefits through reduced use of chemical inputs into crops. We encourage a multipronged research approach to bring stakeholders together to provide structured and scalable education programs that will lead to improved human and agroecosystem health through the promotion of understanding the positive feedbacks from biodiversity in these important agricultural wetland habitats.

Keywords

Agroecosystems / Ecosystem services / Rice production / Southeast Asia / Vertebrate biodiversity

Abbreviations

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Data will be shared upon request to the authors.

Authors' contributions

All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript; C.P., G.R.S., and A.S. reviewed and edited the manuscript.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Author Grant R. Singleton (Editorial Board member) was not involved in the journal's review nor decisions related to this manuscript.

Acknowledgements

We wish to acknowledge the support by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation through the CORIGAP project funded through the International Rice Research Institute (Grant Number 81046615). Further support was provided by Lawrence University (bat research) and by the United States National Institutes of Health grant T37MD008626 (amphibian research). Research on the presence of birds and their interaction within lowland irrigated rice fields was conducted as part of a Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP)-funded PhD study with IRRI and the University of Reading, UK.

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