Response of seed vigor to experimental warming in a double rice cropping system

Abstract

Climate warming affects rice seed vigor during ripening, which plays a crucial role in seed quality. However, the actual response of rice seed vigor to warming is still unclear. In this study, seeds after warming treatment in a double rice cropping system were used to determine seed vigor and related physiological traits during germination. Warming treatment significantly improved the germination index (GI), seed vigor index (VI), and seedling dry weight (SDW) for the late-season rice seeds but had no effect on hull thickness, grain weight, and starch and protein contents for both early- and late-season rice seeds, and these parameters were highly associated with germination rate, GI, VI, and SDW. Warming treatment increased gibberellin (GA) content and α-amylase and β-amylase activities in endosperm and coleoptile in both seasons during the later stage of germination, reaching a significant level on the 7^th d. Moreover, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content was consistently increased in the coleoptile but decreased in the endosperm in response to warming, and warming did not affect zeatin content. These results suggest that future global warming will improve rice seed vigor by regulating the synthesis of endogenous hormones and amylases, especially in the late-season rice.

Keywords

Amylase / Germination / Global warming / Hormone / Rice / Seed vigor

Abbreviations

Dt: the corresponding days of seed germination

GA: gibberellin

GI: germination index

Gt: the number of germinated seeds on t day

IAA: indole-3-acetic acid

SDW: seedling dry weight

VI: seed vigor index

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Authors’ contributions

R.X. and S.Y.: data curation, methodology, and writing of original draft; T.Y.: data curation and writing of original draft; X.T. and Y.Z.: investigation, project administration, and resources; X.P.: conceptualization, writing, reviewing, and editing; Y.Z.: conceptualization, data curation, funding acquisition, project administration, writing, reviewing, and editing.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (2023A04J0807), the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20232ACB205011, 20202ACBL215004), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272212), and the Youthful Innovation Research Team of Jiangxi Agricultural University (JXAUCXTD004).

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