Effects of climate change on plant pathogens and host-pathogen interactions

Abstract

Crop production stands as a pivotal pillar of global food security, but its sustainability faces complex challenges from plant diseases, which pose a substantial threat to agricultural productivity. Climate change significantly alters the dynamics of plant pathogens, primarily through changes in temperature, humidity, and precipitation patterns, which can enhance the virulence and spread of various plant diseases. Indeed, the increased frequency of extreme weather events, which is a direct consequence of climate change, creates favorable conditions for outbreaks of plant diseases. As global temperatures rise, the geographic range of many plant pathogens is expanding, exposing new regions and species to diseases previously limited to warmer climates. Climate change not only affects the prevalence and severity of plant diseases but also influences the effectiveness of disease management strategies, necessitating adaptive approaches in agricultural practices. This review presents a thorough examination of the relationship between climate change and plant pathogens and carefully provides an analysis of the interplay between climatic shifts and disease dynamics. In addition to insights into the development of effective strategies for countering the adverse impacts of climate change on plant diseases, these insights hold significant promise for bolstering global crop production resilience against mounting environmental challenges.

Keywords

Climate change / Crop production / Greenhouse gas emissions / Mitigation strategies / Plant diseases

Abbreviations

aCO₂: ambient CO₂

BABA: β-aminobutyric acid

ECO₂: elevated CO₂

EPN: entomopathogenic nematodes

FHB: Fusarium head blight

IDM: integrated disease management

IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change

IR: induced resistance

PM: powdery mildew

ShB: sheath blight

STB: Septoria tritici blotch

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Authors' contributions

R.L. conceived and supervised the study, managed the project, acquired funding, and developed the methodology; M.T., S.L., G.G., and R.E. wrote the original draft; R.L., Z.B., K.A., A.A., A.M., M.E., and E.B. reviewed the manuscript; Z.B., K.A., A.A., A.M., M.E., and E.B. made the figures; M.T., S.L., G.G., and R.E. curated the data; and all authors carried out formal analysis.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgments

This study received financial support from the Phytopathology Unit within the Department of Plant Protection and Environment at The Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Morocco, and was also financially supported by MESRSI under PRIMA Project Section 2, SIRAM.

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