Self-assembly provides a unique route to polymer membranes with ordered pores and narrow pore-size distributions for liquid-phase separations. Nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) is simple and scalable, but the resulting pores are often broad in size and random in connectivity. The self-assembly and nonsolvent-induced phase separation (SNIPS) process for block copolymers combines nanoscale ordering with phase inversion and can form an isoporous selective layer and a porous support in one casting step. The self-assembly and block etching (SABE) route creates ordered block copolymer (BCP) precursors followed by selective removal of a sacrificial block. Polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) forms emergent block-copolymer nanostructures during polymerization, and after removal of a sacrificial domain, it yields crosslinked porous networks and is discussed as a BCP-derived boundary route rather than an intrinsically isoporous-membrane route. Pristine BCP pores separate mainly by size sieving, while charged, responsive, crosslinked, and inorganically modified pore walls add ion selectivity, molecular recognition, and fouling resistance. When incorporated into polymer matrices, protein and artificial channels can provide well-defined transport pathways with molecular-level selectivity. The distinct contribution of this review is to connect pore formation, pore-wall chemistry, and channel integration within a unified framework for designing transport pathways with controlled geometry, chemical interactions, and stability.
| [1] |
Park H B, Kamcev J, Robeson L M, Elimelech M, Freeman B DScience, 2017, 356eaab0530.
|
| [2] |
Werber J R, Deshmukh A, Elimelech MEnviron. Sci. Technol. Lett., 2016, 3112.
|
| [3] |
Greenlee L F, Lawler D F, Freeman B D, Marrot B, Moulin PWater Res., 2009, 432317.
|
| [4] |
Marchetti P, Jimenez Solomon M F, Szekely G, Livingston A GChem. Rev., 2014, 11410735.
|
| [5] |
Werber J R, Osuji C O, Elimelech MNat. Rev. Mater., 2016, 116018.
|
| [6] |
Robeson L MJ. Membr. Sci., 1991, 62165.
|
| [7] |
Robeson L MJ. Membr. Sci., 2008, 320390.
|
| [8] |
Strathmann H, Kock KDesalination, 1977, 21241.
|
| [9] |
Reuvers A J, van den Berg J W A, Smolders C AJ. Membr. Sci., 1987, 3445.
|
| [10] |
Reuvers A J, Smolders C AJ. Membr. Sci., 1987, 3467.
|
| [11] |
Mulder MMulder MBasic Principles of Membrane Technology, 1996, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 280.
|
| [12] |
Ulbricht MPolymer, 2006, 472217.
|
| [13] |
Leibler LMacromolecules, 1980, 131602.
|
| [14] |
Bates F S, Fredrickson G HAnnu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1990, 41525.
|
| [15] |
Bates F SScience, 1991, 251898.
|
| [16] |
Bates F S, Fredrickson G HPhys. Today, 1999, 5232.
|
| [17] |
Matsen M W, Bates F SMacromolecules, 1996, 291091.
|
| [18] |
Park C, Yoon J, Thomas E LPolymer, 2003, 446725.
|
| [19] |
Segalman R AMater. Sci. Eng. R Rep., 2005, 48191.
|
| [20] |
Hillmyer M AAbetz VBlock Copolymers II, 2005, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 137.
|
| [21] |
Zalusky A S, Olayo-Valles R, Wolf J H, Hillmyer M AJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 12412761.
|
| [22] |
Rzayev J, Hillmyer M AJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 12713373.
|
| [23] |
Peinemann K-V, Abetz V, Simon P F WNat. Mater., 2007, 6992.
|
| [24] |
Nunes S P, Sougrat R, Hooghan B, Anjum D H, Behzad A R, Zhao L, Pradeep N, Pinnau I, Vainio U, Peinemann K-VMacromolecules, 2010, 438079.
|
| [25] |
Hampu N, Werber J R, Chan W Y, Feinberg E C, Hillmyer M AACS Nano, 2020, 1416446.
|
| [26] |
Lang C, Kumar M, Hickey R JSoft Matter, 2021, 1710405.
|
| [27] |
Guo L, Wang Y, Steinhart MChem. Soc. Rev., 2021, 506333.
|
| [28] |
Jackson E A, Hillmyer M AACS Nano, 2010, 43548.
|
| [29] |
Yang S Y, Ryu I, Kim H Y, Kim J K, Jang S K, Russell T PAdv. Mater., 2006, 18709.
|
| [30] |
Phillip W A, Rzayev J, Hillmyer M A, Cussler E LJ. Membr. Sci., 2006, 286144.
|
| [31] |
Phillip W A, O’Neill B, Rodwogin M, Hillmyer M A, Cussler E LACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2010, 2847.
|
| [32] |
Dreyer O, Ibbeken G, Schneider L, Blagojevic N, Radjabian M, Abetz V, Müller MMacromolecules, 2022, 557564.
|
| [33] |
Lounder S J, Asatekin AChem. Mater., 2021, 334408.
|
| [34] |
Lounder S J, Asatekin AProc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2021, 118e2022198118.
|
| [35] |
Zhang Z, Rahman Md M, Ternes I, Bajer B, Abetz VJ. Membr. Sci., 2024, 691122270.
|
| [36] |
Ye X, Zhang R, Zhou J, Qiu S, Wang YLangmuir, 2025, 41945.
|
| [37] |
Hamta A, Ashtiani F Z, Karimi M, Moayedfard SSci. Rep., 2022, 12771.
|
| [38] |
Foroutani K, Ghasemi S M, Pourabbas BJ. Membr. Sci., 2021, 623119099.
|
| [39] |
Radjabian M, Abetz VAdv. Mater., 2015, 27352.
|
| [40] |
Sharma K, Shaik K B, Singh M, Terlier T, Coffey A, Zhu C, Strzalka J, Karim AJ. Membr. Sci., 2024, 709123102.
|
| [41] |
Singh G, Yager K G, Smilgies D-M, Kulkarni M M, Bucknall D G, Karim AMacromolecules, 2012, 457107.
|
| [42] |
Bellini B, Willard J R, Cetindag S, Tsai E H R, Li R, Kisslinger K, Kumar S K, Doerk G SACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 1635541.
|
| [43] |
Radjabian M, Abetz VProg. Polym. Sci., 2020, 102101219.
|
| [44] |
Bengani P, Kou Y, Asatekin AJ. Membr. Sci., 2015, 493755.
|
| [45] |
Feng Y, Wang Q, Zhi L, Sun S, Zhao CJ. Membr. Sci., 2022, 653120502.
|
| [46] |
Abetz VMacromol. Rapid Commun., 2015, 3610.
|
| [47] |
Liu Z, Yang T, Song Y, Zhao N, Wu S, Ma Z, Gong X, Tian X, Liu ZRSC Appl. Polym., 2025, 3746.
|
| [48] |
Wang W, Wang Z, Sun X, Yi Z, Gao CJ. Membr. Sci., 2024, 707122990.
|
| [49] |
Zhang Z, Simon A, Abetz C, Held M, Höhme A-L, Schneider E S, Segal-Peretz T, Abetz VAdv. Mater., 2021, 332105251.
|
| [50] |
Zhang C, Zhou J, Ye X, Li Z, Wang YJ. Membr. Sci., 2022, 641119928.
|
| [51] |
Huang T, Su Z, Hou K, Zeng J, Zhou H, Zhang L, Nunes S PChem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 524173.
|
| [52] |
Frieß F V, Hartmann F, Gemmer L, Pieschel J, Niebuur B, Faust M, Kraus T, Presser V, Gallei MMacromol. Mater. Eng., 2023, 3082300113.
|
| [53] |
Sui H, Han B-G, Lee J K, Walian P, Jap B KNature, 2001, 414872.
|
| [54] |
Agre PAngew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2004, 434278.
|
| [55] |
De Groot B L, Grubmüller HScience, 2001, 2942353.
|
| [56] |
Kumar M, Grzelakowski M, Zilles J, Clark M, Meier WProc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2007, 10420719.
|
| [57] |
Fuwad A, Ryu H, Malmstadt N, Kim S M, Jeon T-JDesalination, 2019, 45897.
|
| [58] |
Holt J K, Park H G, Wang Y, Stadermann M, Artyukhin A B, Grigoropoulos C P, Noy A, Bakajin OScience, 2006, 3121034.
|
| [59] |
Majumder M, Chopra N, Andrews R, Hinds B JNature, 2005, 43844.
|
| [60] |
Hummer G, Rasaiah J C, Noworyta J PNature, 2001, 414188.
|
| [61] |
Shen Y-X, Si W, Erbakan M, Decker K, De Zorzi R, Saboe P O, Kang Y J, Majd S, Butler P J, Walz T, Aksimentiev A, Hou J-L, Kumar MProc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2015, 1129810.
|
| [62] |
Barboiu MAngew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2012, 5111674.
|
| [63] |
Si W, Chen L, Hu X-B, Tang G, Chen Z, Hou J-L, Li Z-TAngew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2011, 5012564.
|
| [64] |
Song W, Joshi H, Chowdhury R, Najem J S, Shen Y-X, Lang C, Henderson C B, Tu Y-M, Farell M, Pitz M E, Maranas C D, Cremer P S, Hickey R J, Sarles S A, Hou J-L, Aksimentiev A, Kumar MNat. Nanotechnol., 2020, 1573.
|
| [65] |
Shen Y-X, Saboe P O, Sines I T, Erbakan M, Kumar MJ. Membr. Sci., 2014, 454359.
|
| [66] |
Noy A, Park H G, Fornasiero F, Holt J K, Grigoropoulos C P, Bakajin ONano Today, 2007, 222.
|
| [67] |
Lang C, Ye D, Song W, Yao C, Tu Y, Capparelli C, LaNasa J A, Hickner M A, Gomez E W, Gomez E D, Hickey R J, Kumar MACS Nano, 2019, 138292.
|
| [68] |
Lan Q, Yan N, Yang H, Wang YCompos. Commun., 2022, 29101025.
|
| [69] |
Di Vincenzo M, Tiraferri A, Musteata V-E, Chisca S, Sougrat R, Huang L-B, Nunes S P, Barboiu MNat. Nanotechnol., 2021, 16190.
|
| [70] |
Hong S, Di Vincenzo M, Tiraferri A, Bertozzi E, Górecki R, Davaasuren B, Li X, Nunes S PNat. Commun., 2024, 153160.
|
| [71] |
Wang Y, Ma H, Long Y-T, Ying Y-LChem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2024, 40272.
|
| [72] |
He L, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Yan T, Liu JChem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2025, 4195.
|
| [73] |
Wang X-Q, Wang T, Feng Y-N, Zhang L-Y, Zhao Z-PSustain. Mater. Technol., 2024, 39e00855.
|
| [74] |
Liu M-L, Zhang C-X, Tang M-J, Sun S-P, Xing W, Lee Y MProg. Mater. Sci., 2023, 139101162.
|
| [75] |
Lim Y J, Goh K, Wang RChem. Soc. Rev., 2022, 514537.
|
| [76] |
Qiu Z, Chen J, Zeng J, Dai R, Wang ZWater Res., 2023, 247120774.
|
| [77] |
Tu Y-M, Song W, Ren T, Shen Y-X, Chowdhury R, Rajapaksha P, Culp T E, Samineni L, Lang C, Thokkadam A, Carson D, Dai Y, Mukthar A, Zhang M, Parshin A, Sloand J N, Medina S H, Grzelakowski M, Bhattacharya D, Phillip W A, Gomez E D, Hickey R J, Wei Y, Kumar MNat. Mater., 2020, 19347.
|
| [78] |
Shen Y-X, Song W, Barden D R, Ren T, Lang C, Feroz H, Henderson C B, Saboe P O, Tsai D, Yan H, Butler P J, Bazan G C, Phillip W A, Hickey R J, Cremer P S, Vashisth H, Kumar MNat. Commun., 2018, 92294.
|
| [79] |
Seo M, Hillmyer M AScience, 2012, 3361422.
|
| [80] |
Oh T, Cho S, Yoo C, Yeo W, Oh J, Seo MProg. Polym. Sci., 2023, 145101738.
|
| [81] |
Lee K, Corrigan N, Boyer CAngew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2023, 62e202307329.
|
| [82] |
Hub L, Koll J, Buhr K, Radjabian M, Abetz VJ. Membr. Sci., 2024, 708123021.
|
| [83] |
Zhou J, Wang YMacromolecules, 2020, 535.
|
| [84] |
Zhong D, Zhou J, Wang YJ. Membr. Sci., 2021, 632119374.
|
| [85] |
Zhou J, Huang Y, Chen C, Wang YJ. Membr. Sci., 2024, 695122467.
|
| [86] |
Yang S Y, Park J, Yoon J, Ree M, Jang S K, Kim J KAdv. Funct. Mater., 2008, 181371.
|
| [87] |
Li L, Schulte L, Clausen L D, Hansen K M, Jonsson G E, Ndoni SACS Nano, 2011, 57754.
|
| [88] |
Zhai Y, Li C, Gao LGiant, 2023, 16100183.
|
| [89] |
Xu H, Xiao H, Ellison C J, Mahanthappa M KNano Lett., 2021, 217587.
|
| [90] |
Zhang Y, Dong R, Gabinet U R, Poling-Skutvik R, Kim N K, Lee C, Imran O Q, Feng X, Osuji C OACS Nano, 2021, 158192.
|
| [91] |
Guo L, Ntetsikas K, Zapsas G, Thankamony R, Lai Z, Hadjichristidis NAngew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2023, 62e202212400.
|
| [92] |
Rittner T, Pusse S, Boßmann B, Staudt K, Haben A, Kautenburger R, Beck H P, Gallei MJ. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, 1219116.
|
| [93] |
Yang C, Zhu G, Yi Z, Zhou Y, Gao CChem. Eng. J., 2021, 424128912.
|
| [94] |
Zhong P S, Chung T S, Jeyaseelan K, Armugam AJ. Membr. Sci., 2012, 407/40827.
|
| [95] |
Kumar M, Habel J E O, Shen Y-X, Meier W P, Walz TJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 13418631.
|
| [96] |
Klara S S, Saboe P O, Sines I T, Babaei M, Chiu P-L, De Zorzi R, Dayal K, Walz T, Kumar M, Mauter M SJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 13828.
|
| [97] |
Bieligmeyer M, Artukovic F, Nussberger S, Hirth T, Schiestel T, Müller MBeilstein J. Nanotechnol., 2016, 7881.
|
Rights & permissions
Jilin University, The Editorial Department of Chemical Research in Chinese Universities and Springer-Verlag GmbH
PDF
