Near-white emission in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is of significant interest for applications in displays, lighting, and sensing technologies. Although several strategies have been explored to achieve white-light emission in COFs, these approaches often suffer from limited compositional control, poor guest retention, and unsatisfactory emission reproducibility. In this work, we employ a dual-emissive molecular unit, an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-active dialdehyde [4,4′-(2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzo[d]thiazole-4,7-diyl)dibenzaldehyde, HBT], to construct two three-dimensional (3D) imine-linked COFs, designated JUC-755 and JUC-756. Within the COF frameworks, both the enol and keto emissions of the HBT unit are retained and can be effectively modulated by solvent polarity and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Consequently, in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, JUC-755 exhibits yellowish-white emission with CIE coordinates of (0.30, 0.37), while JUC-756 displays bluish-white emission with CIE coordinates of (0.27, 0.32). This work provides a promising strategy for tuning dual emission and realizing near-white-light emission in 3D COFs.
| [1] |
Kamtekar K T, Monkman A P, Bryce M RAdv. Mater., 2010, 22: 572.
|
| [2] |
Gotta J, Ben Shalom T, Aslanoglou S, Cifuentes-Rius A, Voelcker N H, Elnathan R, Shoseyov O, Richter SAdv. Funct. Mater., 2018, 28: 1706967.
|
| [3] |
Kan K, Zhang W, Sun J, Tao Q, Li X, Meng J, Han Y, Jiao F, Cun Y, Shan C XNano Energy, 2026, 151: 111850.
|
| [4] |
Wang J L, Lin W Y, Li W LBiomaterials, 2013, 34: 7429.
|
| [5] |
Zhang S R, Zhang W T, Li X, Xu G J, Xie W, Xu Y H, Xu N, Su Z MInorg. Chem., 2025, 64: 2990.
|
| [6] |
Yin H Q, Yin F, Yin X BChem. Sci., 2019, 10: 11103.
|
| [7] |
Roy B, Maisuls I, Zhang J Y, Niemeyer F C, Rizzo F, Wölper C, Daniliuc C G, Tang B Z, Strassert C A, Voskuhl JAngew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2022, 61: e202111805.
|
| [8] |
Li J A, Zhou J H, Mao Z, Xie Z L, Yang Z, Xu B J, Liu C, Chen X, Ren D Y, Pan H, Shi G, Zhang Y, Chi Z GAngew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2018, 57: 6449.
|
| [9] |
Zhou C J, Zhang S T, Gao Y, Liu H C, Shan T, Liang X M, Yang B, Ma Y GAdv. Funct. Mater., 2018, 28: 1802407.
|
| [10] |
Wen Y T, Liu H C, Zhang S T, Pan G C, Yang Z Q, Lu T, Li B, Cao J G, Yang BCCS Chem., 2021, 3: 1940.
|
| [11] |
Anand V, Mishra R, Barot YDyes Pigm., 2021, 191: 109390.
|
| [12] |
Diercks C S, Yaghi O MScience, 2017, 355: eaal1585.
|
| [13] |
Ma T Q, Kapustin E A, Yin S X, Liang L, Zhou Z Y, Niu J, Li L H, Wang Y Y, Su J, Li J, Wang X G, Wang W D, Wang W, Sun J L, Yaghi O MScience, 2018, 361: 48.
|
| [14] |
Gropp C, Ma T Q, Hanikel N, Yaghi O MScience, 2020, 370: eabd6406.
|
| [15] |
Guan X Y, Chen F Q, Qiu S L, Fang Q RAngew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2023, 62: e202213203.
|
| [16] |
Lohse M S, Bein TAdv. Funct. Mater., 2018, 28: 1705553.
|
| [17] |
Song J L, Chang J H, Huang Z H, Chen F Q, Hu J J, Lv X D, An J, Li H, Fang Q RChin. J. Chem., 2026, 44: 643.
|
| [18] |
Ji C Q, Kang C J, Patra B C, Zhao DCCS Chem., 2024, 6: 856.
|
| [19] |
Yu J H, Zhu R J, Li R JChem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2025, 41: 1586.
|
| [20] |
Liu J C, Li C Y, Liu Y Z, Wang Y J, Fang Q RActa Chim. Sin., 2023, 81: 884.
|
| [21] |
Yusran Y, Qiu S L, Fang Q REnergyChem, 2025, 7: 100170.
|
| [22] |
Zhang Z H, Shen R C, Ren Z Q, Liang G J, Zhang P, Li S J, Li XChem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2025, 42: 833.
|
| [23] |
Yu J H, Zhu R J, Li R JChem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2025, 41: 1586.
|
| [24] |
Yan S R, Zhang B Y, Liu W H, Duan F, Li Y J, Ren Y Y, Lu S L, Du M L, Chen M QChem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2025, 41: 495.
|
| [25] |
Liu Y Z, Guan X Y, Fang Q RAggregate, 2021, 2: e34.
|
| [26] |
Liu Y Z, Ren J X, Wang Y J, Zhu X, Guan X Y, Wang Z S, Zhou Y D, Zhu L K, Qiu S L, Xiao S X, Fang Q RCCS Chem., 2023, 5: 2033.
|
| [27] |
Gao Q, Li X, Ning G H, Leng K, Tian B B, Liu C B, Tang W, Xu H S, Loh K PChem. Commun., 2018, 54: 2349.
|
| [28] |
Song J R, Wang Z T, Liu Y Z, Tuo C, Wang Y J, Fang Q R, Qiu S LChem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2022, 38: 834.
|
| [29] |
Ma J X, Shu T, Sun Y P, Zhou X, Ren C Y, Su L, Zhang X JSmall, 2022, 18: 2103516.
|
| [30] |
Shi Y, Yang J, Gao F, Zhang QACS Nano, 2023, 17: 1879.
|
| [31] |
Wang P, Zhou F, Zhang C, Yin S Y, Teng L L, Chen L L, Hu X X, Liu H W, Yin X, Zhang X BChem. Sci., 2018, 9: 8402.
|
| [32] |
Ding H M, Li J, Xie G H, Lin G Q, Chen R F, Peng Z K, Yang C L, Wang B S, Sun J L, Wang CNat. Commun., 2018, 9: 5234.
|
| [33] |
Li M Y, Wan H F, Xiong J Y, Wang L Y, Yang L, Wang L, Song Y HChem. Eng. J., 2023, 468: 143538.
|
| [34] |
Li X H, Tang H J, Gao L, Chen Z Y, Li H J, Wang Y H, Yang K X, Lu S Y, Wang K M, Zhou Q, Wang Z LPolymer, 2022, 241: 124474.
|
| [35] |
Krishnaraj C, Kaczmarek A M, Jena H S, Leus K, Chaoui N, Schmidt J, van Deun R, van der Voor PACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11: 27343.
|
| [36] |
Gao L, Li W Y, Tang H J, Qin J, Lu S Y, Zhang M F, Yang K X, Jiao Y XEur. Polym. J., 2023, 187: 111887.
|
| [37] |
Yang S Z, Streater D, Fiankor C, Zhang J, Huang J EJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 2021, 143: 1061.
|
| [38] |
Zhu R M, Han W K, Liu Y, Fu J X, Feng J D, Zhang J F, Pang H, Gu Z GChem. Eng. J., 2024, 483: 149174.
|
| [39] |
Haldar S, Chakraborty D, Roy B, Banappanavar G, Rinku K, Mullangi D, Hazra P, Kabra D, Vaidhyanathan RJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 2018, 140: 13367.
|
| [40] |
Nyakuchena J, Chiromo H, Radpour S, Guckenburg J, Huang J RACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16: 44921.
|
| [41] |
Zhao J Z, Ji S M, Chen Y H, Guo H M, Yang PPhys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2012, 14: 8803.
|
| [42] |
Joshi H C, Antonov LMolecules, 2021, 26: 1475.
|
| [43] |
Liu K, Zhang J, Shi Q Y, Ding L P, Liu T H, Fang YJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145: 7408.
|
| [44] |
Padalkar V S, Seki SChem. Soc. Rev., 2016, 45: 169.
|
| [45] |
Zhou P W, Han KAcc. Chem. Res., 2018, 51: 1681.
|
| [46] |
Huang S, Feng B, Cheng X, Huang X Y, Ding J P, Yu K Q, Dong J, Zeng W BChem. Eng. J., 2023, 476: 146436.
|
| [47] |
Zou H X, Lin G M, Bao Y X, Liang J, Li Y Y, Cai L F, Wu H Y, Yang F, Chen H, Lin X C, Xiao Y H, Yang L, Huang J H, Hai YJ. Hazard. Mater., 2025, 493: 138388.
|
| [48] |
Azarias C, Budzák S, Laurent A D, Ulrich G, Jacquemin DChem. Sci., 2016, 7: 3763.
|
| [49] |
Yi S Z, Li B N, He W, Pan MMater. Chem. Front., 2025, 9: 1181.
|
| [50] |
Accelrys Inc.Materials Studio, 2013
|
| [51] |
Chen F Q, Guan X Y, Li H, Ding J H, Zhu L K, Tang B, Valtchev V, Yan Y S, Qiu S L, Fang Q RAngew. Chem. Int. Ed.2021, 60: 22230.
|
| [52] |
Fang J, Fu Z Y, Chen X H, Liu Y Z, Chen F Q, Wang Y J, Li H, Yusran Y, Wang K, Valtchev V, Qiu S L, Zou B, Fang Q RAngew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2023, 62: e202304234.
|
| [53] |
Qian Y, Li S, Zhang G, Wang Q, Wang S, Xu H, Li C, Li Y, Yang GJ. Phys. Chem. B, 2007, 111: 5861.
|
| [54] |
Leung N L C, Xie N, Yuan W, Liu Y, Wu Q, Peng Q, Miao Q, Lam J W Y, Tang B ZChem. Eur. J., 2014, 20: 15349.
|
| [55] |
Zeng G, Liang Z, Jiang X, Quan T, Chen TChem. Eur. J., 2022, 28: e202103241.
|
| [56] |
Zhang W, Yin H, Guo J, Zhao X, Shi YSpectrochim. Acta, Part A, 2024, 304: 123319.
|
| [57] |
Haug W K, Moscarello E M, Wolfson E R, McGrier P LChem. Soc. Rev., 2020, 49: 839.
|
| [58] |
Zhang X, Geng K, Jiang D, Scholes G DJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 2022, 144: 16423.
|
| [59] |
Wang Y, Cheng Y Z, Wu K M, Yang D H, Liu X F, Ding X, Han B HAngew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2023, 62: e202310794.
|
Rights & permissions
Jilin University, The Editorial Department of Chemical Research in Chinese Universities and Springer-Verlag GmbH