Large Language Models-assisted Literature Analysis Towards Photocatalysis: a Case of Artificial Nitrogen Photofixation

Abstract

Artificial nitrogen photofixation enables green ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions, making it one of the cutting-edge technologies in the fields of energy transition and sustainable development. Rapid growth in nitrogen photofixation has yielded a massive volume of publications, posing new challenges for manual literature screening, mechanism integration, and future trend analyses. Large language models (LLMs), with their robust capabilities in semantic understanding, information extraction, and logical reasoning, can significantly facilitate literature mining in photocatalysis. Taking artificial nitrogen photofixation as a case study, this perspective constructs an LLM-assisted literature analysis system and explores the practical value of intelligent analytical technologies in view of the emerging tendency. Furthermore, we also explore the anticipated contributions and challenges of artificial intelligence in photocatalysis, particularly regarding material design, experimental optimization, and mechanism investigation, with the aim of establishing a forward-looking roadmap for a low-carbon future in photocatalysis.

Keywords

Large language model / Nitrogen fixation / Photocatalysis / Ammonia

References

[1] Fu X, Pedersen J B, Zhou Y, Saccoccio M, Li S, Sažinas R, Li K, Andersen S Z, Xu A, Deissler N H. Science, 2023, 379: 707

[2] Jin Y, Lin K-T, Liu H, Zhou Z, Mao X, Men Y, Martens W N, Tesfamichael T, Sarina S, Waclawik E R. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2026, 148: 14107

[3] Li W.-Q., Chen Y., Lu X., Zhang H., Li Z., Qian K., Dai B., Jiang R., Zheng S., Wang J., Zhao X., Lu Y., Liu X., Liu Z., Qi Y., Zhang B., Li X.-H., Chen J.-S., Ye T.-N., Nat. Synth., 2026, https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-026-01013-8.

[4] Shi X, Huang W-H, Rong J, Xie M, Wa Q, Zhang P, Wei H, Zhou H, Yeh M-H, Pao C-W. Nat. Commun., 2025, 16: 6161

[5] Shin W, Lai H, Ibrahim G, Zang G. Energy Environ. Sci., 2026, 19: 162

[6] Wen Z, Huang B, Wang Y, Wang K, Tu X, Xie P, Fu X. Nat. Rev. Clean Technol., 2025, 1: 755

[7] Shi Y, Zhao Z, Yang D, Tan J, Xin X, Liu Y, Jiang Z. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 52: 6938

[8] Wang J, Yang Q, Li X, Tang Y, Wang Y, Zhao K, Xiao X, Yu F, Wang C. ACS Catal., 2026, 16: 4792

[9] Wang J, Zhang R, Gao J, Miao Y, Bian X, Waterhouse G I, Shi R, Wu L Z, Zhao Y, Zhang T. Adv. Mater., 2026, 12: e20563

[10] Zhang S, Zhao Y, Shi R, Zhou C, Waterhouse GI, Wang Z, Weng Y, Zhang T. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2021, 60: 2554

[11] Li Y, Wang M, Ma D. Fundam. Res., 2025, 5: 923

[12] Kang Y, Lee W, Bae T, Han S, Jang H, Kim J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147: 3943

[13] Wu J, Shi R, Zhou X, Zhang L, Chen K, Yu H Q, Wu Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2026, 138: e202520525

[14] Wu S, Ma X, Luo D, Li L, Shi X, Chang X. Natl. Sci. Rev., 2025, 12: nwaf169

[15] Liu Y, Han T, Ma S, Zhang J, Yang Y, Tian J, He H, Li A, He M, Liu Z. Meta Radiol, 2023, 1: 100017

[16] Zhang D, Chen Y, Liu C, Liu Y, Xin H, Peng J, Ou P, Li H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2026, 138: e26150

[17] Liu Z, Su Y, Wang H, Ban T, Wang L, Lu S, Xi Z, Li W, Guo Y, Wang C. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2026, 65: e13366

[18] Zheng Z, Rong Z, Rampal N, Borgs C, Chayes J T, Yaghi O M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2023, 62: e202311983

[19] Zheng Z, Zhang O, Borgs C, Chayes J T, Yaghi O M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145: 18048

[20] Wang X., Li Z., Zhang D., Li H., Xu H., Cheng D., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2026, e24612.

[21] Hu X, Chen S, Chen L, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhou Z. Natl. Sci. Rev., 2025, 12: nwaf372

[22] Zhang C, Wang X, Wang Z. Chin. J. Catal., 2024, 59: 7

[23] Zheng Z, Florit F, Jin B, Wu H, Li S C, Nandiwale K Y, Salazar C A, Mustakis J G, Green W H, Jensen K F. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2025, 64: e202418074

[24] Ali R S A E, Meng J, Khan M E I, Jiang X. Artif. Intell. Chem., 2024, 2: 100049

[25] Li J, Li M, Yang Q, Luo S. Nat. Commun., 2026, 17: 3356

[26] Bran A, Cox S, Schilter O, Baldassari C, White A D, Schwaller P. Nat. Mach. Intell., 2024, 6: 525

[27] Zhang Y, Han Y, Chen S, Yu R, Zhao X, Liu X, Zeng K, Yu M, Tian J, Zhu F. Nat. Mach. Intell., 2025, 7: 1010

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Jilin University, The Editorial Department of Chemical Research in Chinese Universities and Springer-Verlag GmbH

Just Accepted

This article has successfully passed peer review and final editorial review, and will soon enter typesetting, proofreading and other publishing processes. The currently displayed version is the accepted final manuscript. The officially published version will be updated with format, DOI and citation information upon launch. We recommend that you pay attention to subsequent journal notifications and preferentially cite the officially published version. Thank you for your support and cooperation.