A Dual-channel Probe for Detection of O₂^•− Based on ¹⁹F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

As a key precursor of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the superoxide anion (O₂^•−) plays a pivotal role in maintaining redox homeostasis in living systems. However, the accurate and reliable detection of O₂^•− remains a significant challenge, particularly for in vivo detection. Herein, we report a dual-channel probe for O₂^•− detection based on ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance (¹⁹F NMR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Through structure engineering, the molecular probe (FS) was designed, which selectively reacted with O₂^•−, generating a characteristic chemical shift in ¹⁹F NMR. Notably, the fragment released upon reaction with O₂^•− serves as an effective SERS reporter, thereby enabling complementary dual-channel sensing of superoxide anion. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, probe FS was explored as a synthetic biomarker for urinalysis to detect O₂^•− generated in vivo and found clear different metabolic patterns between healthy and liver-injured models, suggesting its potential for in vivo detection.

Keywords

¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) / Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) / O₂^•− detection / Urinalysis

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RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Jilin University, The Editorial Department of Chemical Research in Chinese Universities and Springer-Verlag GmbH