Carbonyl-functionalized Anionic Indium MOF for Highly Selective Adsorption of Cationic Dyes

Abstract

Herein, we report the synthesis of a new anionic metal-organic framework (MOF), [(CH₃)₂NH₂][In(CDIP)]-DMF(1, H₄CDIP=5,5′-carbonyldiisophthalic acid). Compound 1 is constructed from [In(COO)₄]⁻ secondary building units and features a high density of carbonyl functional groups uniformly distributed along the pore surfaces. Benefiting from its anionic framework and functionalized pores, compound 1 exhibits exceptional adsorption performance toward cationic dyes. It achieves a Methylene blue (MLB) removal efficiency of 99.4% within 3 min and an ultrahigh adsorption capacity of 722 mg/g, surpassing most reported indium-based MOFs. Furthermore, compound 1 shows substantial adsorption capacities for larger carcinogenic dyes, including Basic Red 9 (BR9, 119 mg/g) and Basic Violet 14 (BV14, 148 mg/g). Efficient and selective adsorption of these dyes is also realized in mixed-charge dye systems. Kinetic and isotherm analyses reveal that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and fits well with the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer chemisorption. Notably, after three adsorption-desorption cycles, the dye removal efficiency remains above 83%, demonstrating good recyclability. These results highlight compound 1 as a promising adsorbent for the selective removal and separation of cationic dyes from wastewater.

Keywords

Metal-organic framework / Carbonyl functional group / Dye absorption and separation

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RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Jilin University, The Editorial Department of Chemical Research in Chinese Universities and Springer-Verlag GmbH