Catalyst Development and Design in Propane Dehydrogenation

Abstract

Light-alkane direct dehydrogenation reaction, which has received wide attention in recent years, is an important industrial technology for the petrochemical fields. There are great progresses and developments on the Pt- and/or non-noble metal-based heterogeneous catalysts for selectively activating the C—H bond with the purpose of high alkene productivity. However, the coke formation and sintering of the metal would cause the catalyst deactivation. Thus, it is still a challenge to achieve catalysts with high catalytic performance and stability. This review describes recent advances in the strategies for promoting the metal dispersion and tuning the metal electron structures: (1) introduction of promoters; (2) synthesizing the highly active single-atom sites; (3) alteration of the support properties and encapsulation of subnanometer-sized clusters into the microporous zeolites. In addition, the elimination of coke on the support can be realized by decreasing the acid sites and co-feeding other gas flows. The alternative catalysts, such as non-noble metals and metal oxides, are also summarized. The active sites, reaction pathways and deactivation mechanism over various catalysts are also discussed, which is expected to help the efficient catalyst design for high selectivity to propene products. The challenges and perspectives of catalysts on light-alkane dehydrogenation are proposed for further development.

Keywords

Light-alkane direct dehydrogenation / Pt-based catalyst / Non-noble metal-based catalyst / Coke deposition

References

[1] Sattler J J H B, Ruiz-Martinez J, Santillan-Jimenez E, Weckhuysen B M. Chem. Rev., 2014, 114: 10613

[2] Pritchard J, Filonenko G A, van Putten R, Hensen E J M, Pidko E A. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44: 3808

[3] Rousseau R, Dixon D A, Kay B D, Dohnálek Z. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43: 7664

[4] Li C, Wang G. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021, 50: 4359

[5] Wang L, Wang L, Meng X, Xiao F-S. Adv. Mater., 2019, 31: 1901905

[6] Hu Z-P, Han J, Wei Y, Liu Z. ACS Catal., 2022, 12: 5060

[7] Yu W, Porosoff M D, Chen J G. Chem. Rev., 2012, 112: 5780

[8] Kumar M S, Chen D, Walmsley J C, Holmen A. Catal. Commun., 2008, 9: 747

[9] Cybulskis V J, Bukowski B C, Tseng H-T, Gallagher J R, Wu Z, Wegener E, Kropf A J, Ravel B, Ribeiro F H, Greeley J, Miller J T. ACS Catal., 2017, 7: 4173

[10] Song M, Zhang B, Zhai Z, Liu S, Wang L, Liu G. Ind. & Eng. Chem. Res., 2023, 62: 3853

[11] Zhang B, Li G, Zhai Z, Chen D, Tian Y, Yang R, Wang L, Zhang X, Liu G. Aiche J., 2021, 67: e17295

[12] Li X, Zhou Y, Qiao B, Pan X, Wang C, Cao L, Li L, Lin J, Wang X. J. Energy Chem., 2020, 51: 14

[13] Ingale P, Knemeyer K, Preikschas P, Ye M, Geske M, D’Alnoncourt R N, Thomas A, Rosowski F. Catal. Sci. Technol., 2021, 11: 484

[14] Wang W, Shan Y, Song J, Fan X, Yu X, Kong L, Xiao X, Xie Z, Zhao Z. Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2025, 46: 20250011

[15] Zhang H, Feng F, Meng F, Wang G, Bing L, Zhang Q, Wang F, Fu H, Han D. J. Porous Mater., 2024, 31: 1257

[16] Li Y, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Kondratenko V A, Jiang G, Sun H, Han S, Wang Y, Cui G, Zhou M, Huan Q, Zhao Z, Xu C, Jiang G, Kondratenko E V. J. Catal., 2023, 418: 290

[17] Deng L, Chen Q, Jiang X, Liu X, Wang Z. Catal. Today, 2023, 410: 175

[18] Liu X, Lang W-Z, Long L-L, Hu C-L, Chu L-F, Guo Y-J. Chem. Eng. J., 2014, 247: 183

[19] Lee M-H, Nagaraja B M, Lee K Y, Jung K-D. Catal. Today, 2014, 232: 53

[20] Fu H, Zhang H, Ma H, Qian W, Ying W. Catal. Lett., 2024, 154: 3867

[21] Dou X, Li W, Zhang K, Hou H, He Z, Zhu C, Meira D M, Lopez-Haro M, Xia Z, He P, Xiao H, Liu L. ACS Catal., 2024, 14: 2859

[22] Hong H, Xu Z, Mei B, Hu W, Fornasiero P, Wang C, Wang T, Yue Y, Li T, Yang C, Cui Q, Zhu H, Bao X. Science, 2025, 388: 497

[23] Nakaya Y, Xing F, Ham H, Shimizu K-I, Furukawa S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2021, 60: 19715

[24] Liu X, Wang X, Zhen S, Sun G, Pei C, Zhao Z-J, Gong J. Chem. Sci., 2022, 13: 9537

[25] Chen S, Zhao Z-J, Mu R, Chang X, Luo J, Purdy S C, Kropf A J, Sun G, Pei C, Miller J T, Zhou X, Vovk E, Yang Y, Gong J. Chem, 2021, 7: 387

[26] Nakaya Y, Hirayama J, Yamazoe S, Shimizu K-I, Furukawa S. Nat. Commun., 2020, 11: 1

[27] Qi L, Babucci M, Zhang Y, Lund A, Liu L, Li J, Chen Y, Hoffman A S, Bare S R, Han Y, Gates B C, Bell A T. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2021, 143: 21364

[28] Belskaya O B, Stepanova L N, Gulyaeva T I, Erenburg S B, Trubina S V, Kvashnina K, Nizovskii A I, Kalinkin A V, Zaikovskii V I, Bukhtiyarov V I, Likholobov V A. J. Catal., 2016, 341: 13

[29] Yu C, Ge Q, Xu H, Li W. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 2006, 315: 58

[30] Luo L, Wang S, Wu Z, Qin Z, Dong M, Wang J, Fan W. Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2022, 38: 229

[31] Ma Y, Song S, Liu C, Liu L, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Wang X, Xu H, Guan Y, Jiang J, Song W, Han Y, Zhang J, Wu P. Nat. Catal., 2023, 6: 506

[32] Shen L-L, Xia K, Lang W-Z, Chu L-F, Yan X, Guo Y-J. Chem. Eng. J., 2017, 324: 336

[33] Xia K, Lang W-Z, Li P-P, Long L-L, Yan X, Guo Y-J. Chem. Eng. J., 2016, 284: 1068

[34] Xia K, Lang W-Z, Li P-P, Yan X, Guo Y-J. J. Catal., 2016, 338: 104

[35] Zhang X, Wang Y, Xu Y, Matusse E, Chang S, Sun T, Lu Y, Zhang L. Mol. Catal., 2023, 547: 113287

[36] Xu J, Shi C, Zhang S, Zheng Q, Pan L, Zhang X, Zou J-J. Chin. J. Chem., 2022, 40: 918

[37] Cao L, Qiu Y, Luo S, Jiang C, Jing F. Mol. Catal., 2022, 518: 112081

[38] Natarajan P, Khan H A, Yoon S, Jung K-D. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2018, 63: 380

[39] Liu L, Diaz U, Arenal R, Agostini G, Concepcion P, Corma A. Nat. Mater., 2017, 16: 132

[40] Liu L, López-Haro M, Lopes C W, Li C, Concepción P, Simonelli L, Calvino J J, Corma A. Nat. Mater., 2019, 18: 866

[41] Han S W, Park H, Han J, Kim J-C, Lee J, Jo C, Ryoo R. ACS Catal., 2021, 11: 9233

[42] Sun Q, Wang N, Fan Q, Zeng L, Mayoral A, Miao S, Yang R, Jiang Z, Zhou W, Zhang J, Zhang T, Xu J, Zhang P, Cheng J, Yang D-C, Jia R, Li L, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Terasaki O, Yu J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2020, 59: 19450

[43] Wang N, Sun Q, Bai R, Li X, Guo G, Yu J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138: 7484

[44] Sun Q, Wang N, Yu J. Adv. Mater., 2021, 33: 2104442

[45] Zhang L, Chen X, Ma Y, Song S, Xu H, Guan Y, Song W, Zhang J, Wu P. ACS Catal., 2024, 14: 9431

[46] Wu J, Hua G, Liu J, Zhao Y, Ma H, Wang Y, Wu Z. Mol. Catal., 2025, 588: 115588

[47] Tang S, Liu H, Li T, Wang C, Cui Q, Yue Y, Meng X, Bao X. Chem. Eng. Sci., 2024, 286: 119674

[48] Luo L, Zhou T, Li W, Li X, Yan H, Chen W, Xu Q, Hu S, Ma C, Bao J, Pao C-W, Wang Z, Li H, Ma X, Luo L, Zeng J. Nano Lett., 2024, 24: 7236

[49] Lu J, Xu Z, Yue Y, Bao X, Lin M, Zhu H. Chem. Eng. J., 2024, 484: 149369

[50] Bing L, Sun Z, Zhang S, Chen B, Zhang H, Wang M, Chu C, Han D, Zhang J, Wang F, Wang G. Chem. Eng. J., 2024, 491: 151961

[51] Li S, Li Q, Li B, Chen X, Wu H, Wang S, Dong M, Wang J, Fan W. ACS Catal., 2024, 14: 17825

[52] Chen S, Li X, Qu Z, Li X, Gao Y, Liu P-F, Dong Z-Q, Yu P, Sun Q, Dou S, Liu Z, Sun J. Nat. Commun., 2025, 16: 1

[53] Wu J, Sharada S M, Ho C, Hauser A W, Head-Gordon M, Bell A T. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 2015, 506: 25

[54] Wang P, Liao H, Yang M, Wu L, Tang Y, Tan L. Fuel, 2023, 354: 129421

[55] Sun P, Siddiqi G, Chi M, Bell A T. J. Catal., 2010, 274: 192

[56] Redekop E A, Galvita V V, Poelman H, Bliznuk V, Detavernier C, Marin G B. ACS Catal., 2014, 4: 1812

[57] Sun P, Siddiqi G, Vining W C, Chi M, Bell A T. J. Catal., 2011, 282: 165

[58] Ryoo R, Kim J, Jo C, Han S W, Kim J-C, Park H, Han J, Shin H S, Shin J W. Nature, 2020, 585: 221

[59] Liu H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Hu P, Zhou J, Wang H, Hu J, Chen S, Ji H. Fuel, 2023, 332: 125858

[60] Zha S, Sun G, Wu T, Zhao J, Zhao Z-J, Gong J. Chemical Science, 2018, 9: 3925

[61] Chang X, Lu Z, Wang X, Zhao Z-J, Gong J. Chem. Sci., 2023, 14: 6414

[62] Gao X, Xu W, Li X, Cen J, Xu Y, Lin L, Yao S. Chem. Eng. J., 2022, 443: 136393

[63] Choi Y S, Kim J-R, Hwang J-H, Roh H-S, Koh H L. Catal. Today, 2023, 411: 113957

[64] Deng L, Miura H, Ohkubo T, Shishido T, Wang Z, Hosokawa S, Teramura K, Tanaka T. Catal. Sci. Technol., 2019, 9: 947

[65] Werghi B, Wu L, Ebrahim A M M, Chi M, Ni H, Cargnello M, Bare S R R. Small, 2023, 19: 2207956

[66] Ma S, Liu Z-P. Nat. Commun., 2022, 13: 1

[67] Tolek W, Suriye K, Praserthdam P, Panpranot J. Catal. Today, 2020, 358: 100

[68] Cai W, Mu R, Zha S, Sun G, Chen S, Zhao Z-J, Li H, Tian H, Tang Y, Tao F, Zeng L, Gong J. Sci. Adv., 2018, 4: eaar5418

[69] Motagamwala A H, Almallahi R, Wortman J, Igenegbai V O, Linic S. Science, 2021, 373: 217

[70] Wegener E C, Wu Z, Tseng H-T, Gallagher J R, Ren Y, Diaz R E, Ribeiro F H, Miller J T. Catal. Today, 2018, 299: 146

[71] Cesar L G, Yang C, Lu Z, Ren Y, Zhang G, Miller J T. ACS Catal., 2019, 9: 5231

[72] Wu Z, Bukowski B C, Li Z, Milligan C, Zhou L, Ma T, Wu Y, Ren Y, Ribeiro F H, Delgass W N, Greeley J, Zhang G, Miller J T. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2018, 140: 14870

[73] Ma Y, Chen X, Guan Y, Xu H, Zhang J, Jiang J, Chen L, Xue T, Xue Q, Wei F, Wu P. J. Catal., 2021, 397: 44

[74] Wu X, Zhang Q, Chen L, Liu Q, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Ma L, Wang C. Fuel Process. Technol., 2020, 198: 106222

[75] Zhu Y, An Z, Song H, Xiang X, Yang W, He J. ACS Catal., 2017, 7: 6973

[76] Xu Z, Yue Y, Bao X, Xie Z, Zhu H. ACS Catal., 2020, 10: 818

[77] Liu H, Zhou J, Chen T, Hu P, Xiong C, Sun Q, Chen S, Lo T W B, Ji H. ACS Catal., 2023, 13: 2928

[78] Liu L, López-Haro M, Lopes C W, Rojas-Buzo S, Concepción P, Manzorro R, Simonelli L, Sattler A, Serna P, Calvino J J, Corma A. Nat. Catal., 2020, 3: 628

[79] Xia L, Zhang B, Hou G, Wang L, Liu S, Liu G. Aiche J., 2024, 70: e18444

[80] Zhou J, Liu H, Xiong C, Hu P, Wang H, Wang X, Ji H. Chem. Eng. J., 2023, 455: 139794

[81] Zhang B, Li G, Liu S, Qin Y, Song L, Wang L, Zhang X, Liu G. ACS Catal., 2022, 12: 1310

[82] Li B, Xu Z, Chu W, Luo S, Jing F. Chin. J. Catal., 2017, 38: 726

[83] Xie L, Chai Y, Sun L, Dai W, Wu G, Guan N, Li L. J. Energy Chem., 2021, 57: 92

[84] Qi L, Zhang Y, Babucci M, Chen C, Lu P, Li J, Dun C, Hoffman A S, Urban J J, Tsapatsis M, Bare S R, Han Y, Gates B C, Bell A T. ACS Catal., 2022, 12: 11177

[85] Wang P, Liao H, Yang H, Lv Q, Li Y, Wu L, Tang Y, Xie Z, Tan L. Chem. Eng. Sci., 2023, 269: 118450

[86] Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Huang L, Xue M, Zhang S. Ind. & Eng. Chem. Res., 2011, 50: 7896

[87] Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Shi J, Zhou S, Sheng X, Zhang Z, Xiang S. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 2014, 381: 138

[88] Sun Q, Wang N, Fan Q, Zeng L, Mayoral A, Miao S, Yang R, Jiang Z, Zhou W, Zhang J, Zhang T, Xu J, Zhang P, Cheng J, Yang D-C, Jia R, Li L, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Terasaki O, Yu J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2020, 59: 19450

[89] Searles K, Chan K W, Mendes Burak J A, Zemlyanov D, Safonova O, Copéret C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2018, 140: 11674

[90] Sun G, Zhao Z-J, Mu R, Zha S, Li L, Chen S, Zang K, Luo J, Li Z, Purdy S C, Kropf A J, Miller J T, Zeng L, Gong J. Nat. Commun., 2018, 9: 1

[91] Ren G-Q, Pei G-X, Ren Y-J, Liu K-P, Chen Z-Q, Yang J-Y, Su Y, Liu X-Y, Li W-Z, Zhang T. J. Catal., 2018, 366: 115

[92] Xiong H, Lin S, Goetze J, Pletcher P, Guo H, Kovarik L, Artyushkova K, Weckhuysen B M, Datye A K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2017, 56: 8986

[93] Filez M, Redekop E A, Poelman H, Galvita V V, Ramachandran R K, Dendooven J, Detavernier C, Marin G B. Chem. Mater., 2014, 26: 5936

[94] Yu Q, Yu T, Chen H, Fang G, Pan X, Bao X. J. Energy Chem., 2020, 41: 93

[95] Liu G, Zeng L, Zhao Z-J, Tian H, Wu T, Gong J. ACS Catal., 2016, 6: 2158

[96] Cesar L G, Yang C, Lu Z, Ren Y, Zhang G, Miller J T. ACS Catal., 2019, 9: 5231

[97] Li J, Li J, Zhao Z, Fan X, Liu J, Wei Y, Duan A, Xie Z, Liu Q. J. Catal., 2017, 352: 361

[98] Shi L, Deng G-M, Li W-C, Miao S, Wang Q-N, Zhang W-P, Lu A-H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2015, 54: 13994

[99] Rochlitz L, Pessemesse Q, Fischer J W A, Klose D, Clark A H, Plodinec M, Jeschke G, Payard P-A, Coperet C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2022, 144: 13384

[100] Larsson M, Hultén M, Blekkan E A, Andersson B. J. Catal., 1996, 164: 44

[101] Li Q, Sui Z, Zhou X, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Chen D. Top. Catal., 2011, 54: 888

[102] Galvita V, Siddiqi G, Sun P, Bell A T. J. Catal., 2010, 271: 209

[103] Hauser A W, Gomes J, Bajdich M, Head-Gordon M, Bell A T. PCCP, 2013, 15: 20727

[104] Sattler J J H B, Beale A M, Weckhuysen B M. PCCP, 2013, 15: 12095

[105] Shan Y-L, Zhu Y-A, Sui Z-J, Chen D, Zhou X-G. Catal. Sci. Technol., 2015, 5: 3991

[106] Zhang Y, Chen M, Wang W, Zhang Y. Catal. Sci. Technol., 2024, 14: 3924

[107] Bian K, Zhang G, Zhu J, Wang X, Wang M, Lou F, Liu Y, Song C, Guo X. ACS Catal., 2022, 12: 6559

[108] Zhang Y, Aly M. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 2022, 643: 118795

[109] Rogg S, Hess C. J. CO2 Util., 2021, 50: 101604

[110] Jang E J, Lee J, Jeong H Y, Kwak J H. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 2019, 572: 1

[111] Ponomaryov A B, Smirnov A V, Pisarenko E V, Shostakovsky M V. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 2024, 673: 119588

[112] Bai L, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Liu H, Sheng X. Ind. & Eng. Chem. Res., 2009, 48: 9885

[113] Jablonski E L, Castro A A, Scelza O A, de Miguel S R. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 1999, 183: 189

[114] Kogan S B, Herskowitz M. Catal. Commun., 2001, 2: 179

[115] Llorca J, Homs N, León J, Sales J, Fierro J L G, Ramirez de la Piscina P. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 1999, 189: 77

[116] Bariås O A, Holmen A, Blekkan E A. Catal. Today, 1995, 24: 361

[117] Iglesias-Juez A, Beale A M, Maaijen K, Weng T C, Glatzel P, Weckhuysen B M. J. Catal., 2010, 276: 268

[118] Vu B K, Song M B, Ahn I Y, Suh Y-W, Suh D J, Kim W-I, Koh H-L, Choi Y G, Shin E W. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 2011, 400: 25

[119] Praserthdam P., Mongkhonsi T., Kunatippapong S., Jaikaew B., Lim N.; Eds.:Bartholomew C. H., Fuentes G. A., Catalyst Deactivation, 1997, 111, 153.

[120] Bao Khanh V, Song M B, Ahn I Y, Suh Y-W, Suh D J, Kim J S, Shin E W. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2011, 17: 71

[121] Jiang F, Zeng L, Li S, Liu G, Wang S, Gong J. ACS Catal., 2015, 5: 438

[122] Guntida A, Wannakao S, Praserthdam P, Panpranot J. Catal. Sci. Technol., 2020, 10: 5100

[123] Childers D J, Schweitzer N M, Shahari S M K, Rioux R M, Miller J T, Meyer R J. J. Catal., 2014, 318: 75

[124] Milligan C A, Seemakurthi R R, Gao J, Greeley J P, Miller J T, Ribeiro F H, Zemlyanov D Y. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2022, 126: 13660

[125] Zhang L, Sun J, Jiang S, He H, Ren G, Zhai D, Tu R, Zhai S, Yu T. Catal. Sci. Technol., 2022, 12: 3874

[126] Chen X, Qin X, Jiao Y, Peng M, Diao J, Ren P, Li C, Xiao D, Wen X, Jiang Z, Wang N, Cai X, Liu H, Ma D. Nat. Commun., 2023, 14: 1

[127] Zhang Y, Shi S, Wang Z, Lan H, Liu L, Sun Q, Guo G, He X, Ji H. Aiche J., 2024, 70: e18431

[128] Zeng L, Li W, Wei X, Cheng J, Zhou W, Zheng Y, Cai F, Liu Y, Cheng K, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Chemcatchem, 2023, 15: e202201405

[129] Zeng L, Cheng K, Sun F, Fan Q, Li L, Zhang Q, Wei Y, Zhou W, Kang J, Zhang Q, Chen M, Liu Q, Zhang L, Huang J, Cheng J, Jiang Z, Fu G, Wang Y. Science, 2024, 383: 998

[130] Zhang M, Feng H, Wang S, Liu T, Deng Y, Han J, Zhang X. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2024, 15: 3785

[131] He Y, Song Y, Cullen D A, Laursen S. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2018, 140: 14010

[132] He Y, Song Y, Laursen S. ACS Catal., 2019, 9: 10464

[133] Zhang Q, Jiang X, Su Y, Zhao Y, Qiao B. Chin. J. Catal., 2024, 57: 105

[134] Wei S, Dai H, Long J, Lin H, Gu J, Zong X, Yang D, Tang Y, Yang Y, Dai Y. Chem. Eng. J., 2023, 455: 140726

[135] Hu Z-P, Qin G, Han J, Zhang W, Wang N, Zheng Y, Jiang Q, Ji T, Yuan Z-Y, Xiao J, Wei Y, Liu Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2022, 144: 12127

[136] Qu Z, He G, Zhang T, Fan Y, Guo Y, Hu M, Xu J, Ma Y, Zhang J, Fan W, Sun Q, Mei D, Yu J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2024, 146: 8939

[137] Zhang L, Ma X, Zheng J, Liu Y, Qin B, Du Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Li W, Li R. Catal. Lett., 2023, 153: 3466

[138] Zhang H, Ma H, Zhao C, Zhou F, Zhu X, Wang G, Li C. Energ. Fuels, 2024, 38: 1355

[139] Zhang H, Ma H, Zhou F, Zhao C, Wang M, Yang M, Wang G, Zhu X, Li C. Catal. Lett., 2024, 154: 4332

[140] Tan S, Hu B, Kim W-G, Pang S H, Moore J S, Liu Y, Dixit R S, Pendergast J G, Sholl D S, Nair S, Jones C W. ACS Catal., 2016, 6: 5673

[141] Wang Y, Wan Z, Ma Q, Gao X, Zhang J, Fan S, Zhao T-S. ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2024, 7: 21516

[142] Yun J H, Lobo R F. J. Catal., 2014, 312: 263

[143] Wang J, Liu M, Li J, Wang C, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Li X, Xu L, Guo X, Song C, Zhu X. ACS Catal., 2022, 12: 5930

[144] Sun Y-N, Gao Y-N, Wu Y, Shan H, Wang G, Li C. Catal. Commun., 2015, 60: 42

[145] Sun Y, Wu Y, Shan H, Li C. Catal. Lett., 2015, 145: 1413

[146] Estes D. P., Siddiqi G., Allouche F., Kovtunov K. V., Safonova O. V., Trigub A. L., Koptyug I. V., Coperet C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138.

[147] Sun Y-N, Tao L, You T, Li C, Shan H. Chem. Eng. J., 2014, 244: 145

[148] Sun Y, Wu Y, Tao L, Shan H, Wang G, Li C. J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 2015, 397: 120

[149] Zhao Z-J, Wu T, Xiong C, Sun G, Mu R, Zeng L, Gong J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2018, 57: 6791

[150] Rodemerck U, Stoyanova M, Kondratenko E V, Linke D. J. Catal., 2017, 352: 256

[151] Liu G, Zhao Z-J, Wu T, Zeng L, Gong J. ACS Catal., 2016, 6: 5207

[152] Cai L, Zhao Y, Tian X, Qin D, Wei C, Cai X, Chu W, Yang W. Chem. Eng. J., 2024, 494: 153925

[153] He D, Zhang Y, Yang S, Mei Y, Luo Y. Chemcatchem, 2018, 10: 5434

[154] Shee D, Sayari A. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 2010, 389: 155

[155] Sun X, Xue J, Ren Y, Li X, Zhou L, Li B, Zhao Z. Mol. Catal., 2021, 505: 111520

[156] Sattler J J H B, González-Jiménez I D, Mens A M, Arias M, Visser T, Weckhuysen B M. Chem. Commun., 2013, 49: 1518

[157] Otroshchenko T, Kondratenko V A, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Kondratenko E V. J. Catal., 2017, 348: 282

[158] Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Otroshchenko T, Han S, Lund H, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Jiao H, Jiang G, Kondratenko E V. J. Catal., 2019, 371: 313

[159] Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Otroshchenko T, Lund H, Pohl M-M, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Jiao H, Jiang G, Kondratenko E V. Nat. Commun., 2018, 9: 1

[160] Otroshchenko T, Bulavchenko O, Thanh H V, Rabeah J, Bentrup U, Matvienko A, Rodemerck U, Paul B, Kraehnert R, Linke D, Kondratenko E V. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 2019, 585: 117189

[161] Chen S, Xu Y, Chang X, Pan Y, Sun G, Wang X, Fu D, Pei C, Zhao Z, Su D, Gong J. Science, 2024, 385: 295

[162] Xie Z, Yu T, Song W, Li J, Zhao Z, Liu B, Gao Z, Li D. ACS Catal., 2020, 10: 14678

[163] Li C-F, Guo X, Shang Q-H, Yan X, Ren C, Lang W-Z, Guo Y-J. Ind.&Eng. Chem. Res., 2020, 59: 4377

[164] Weckhuysen B M, Keller D E. Catal. Today, 2003, 78: 25

[165] Ganduglia-Pirovano M V, Popa C, Sauer J, Abbott H, Uhl A, Baron M, Stacchiola D, Bondarchuk O, Shaikhutdinov S, Freund H-J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132: 2345

[166] Sokolov S, Bychkov V Y, Stoyanova M, Rodemerck U, Bentrup U, Linke D, Tyulenin Y P, Korchak V N, Kondratenko E V. ChemCatChem, 2015, 7: 1691

[167] Rodemerck U, Sokolov S, Stoyanova M, Bentrup U, Linke D, Kondratenko E V. J. Catal., 2016, 338: 174

[168] Sun Z, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Chu C, Han D, Zhang J, Wang F, Bing L, Wang G. Ind.& Eng. Chem. Res., 2024, 63: 7614

[169] Bai P, Yang M, Chen X, Liu Y, Yang W, Zhao L, Wu P, Wang C, Mintova S, Yan Z. Catal. Today, 2022, 402: 248

[170] Zhang L, Chen K, Chen H, Han X, Liu C, Qiao L, Wu W, Yang B. Chem. Eng. J., 2024, 483: 149366

[171] Weckhuysen B M, Wachs I E, Schoonheydt R A. Chem. Rev., 1996, 96: 3327

[172] Sanfilippo D, Buonomo F, Fusco G, Lupieri M, Miracca I. Chem. Eng. Sci., 1992, 47: 2313

[173] Fridman V Z, Xing R, Severance M. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 2016, 523: 39

[174] Fridman V Z, Xing R. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 2017, 530: 154

[175] De Rossi S, Casaletto M P, Ferraris G, Cimino A, Minelli G. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 1998, 167: 257

[176] Sokolov S, Stoyanova M, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Kondratenko E V. J. Catal., 2012, 293: 67

[177] Zhang Y, Yang S, Lu J, Mei Y, He D, Luo Y. Ind.& Eng. Chem. Res., 2019, 58: 19818

[178] Sim S, Gong S, Bae J, Park Y-K, Kim J, Choi W C, Hong U G, Park D S, Song I K, Seo H, Kang N Y, Park S. Mol. Catal., 2017, 436: 164

[179] Li P-P, Lang W-Z, Xia K, Luan L, Yan X, Guo Y-J. Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 2016, 522: 172

[180] Liu J, Liu Y, Ni Y, Liu H, Zhu W, Liu Z. Catal. Sci. Technol., 2020, 10: 1739

[181] Jin D, Xu H, Zhu J, Cheng D. Mol. Catal., 2023, 551: 113624

[182] Otroshchenko T, Radnik J, Schneider M, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Kondratenko E V. Chem. Commun., 2016, 52: 8164

[183] Otroshchenko T P, Kondratenko V A, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Kondratenko E V. Catal. Sci. Technol., 2017, 7: 4499

[184] Li M, Wang S, Dong M, Wang J, Fan W. Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2025, 41: 529

[185] Otroshchenko T, Sokolov S, Stoyanova M, Kondratenko V A, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Kondratenko E V. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2015, 54: 15880

[186] Xu Y, Chen S, Chang X, Wang X, Sun G, Lu Z, Zhao Z-J, Pei C, Gong J. ACS Catal., 2023, 13: 6104

[187] Zhao D, Tian X, Doronkin D E, Han S, Kondratenko V A, Grunwaldt J-D, Perechodjuk A, Thanh Huyen V, Rabeah J, Eckelt R, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Jiang G, Jiao H, Kondratenko E V. Nature, 2021, 599: 234

[188] Huang Z, He D, Deng W, Jin G, Li K, Luo Y. Nat. Commun., 2023, 14: 1

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Jilin University, The Editorial Department of Chemical Research in Chinese Universities and Springer-Verlag GmbH

Just Accepted

This article has successfully passed peer review and final editorial review, and will soon enter typesetting, proofreading and other publishing processes. The currently displayed version is the accepted final manuscript. The officially published version will be updated with format, DOI and citation information upon launch. We recommend that you pay attention to subsequent journal notifications and preferentially cite the officially published version. Thank you for your support and cooperation.