Progress of Porphyrin-based Nanoassemblies for Cancer Theranostics

Abstract

Porphyrins are indispensable in almost all forms of life. As photosensitizers, porphyrins have excellent imaging, photodynamic, photothermal, chemotherapeutic, and enzymatic properties, and play vital roles in biological diagnosis and therapy. However, the hydrophobicity of porphyrin molecules and the poor therapeutic effect of a single component on complex tumor systems hinder the applications of porphyrin monomers. Porphyrin assemblies could solve the problem of hydrophilicity and have good biocompatibility. First, this review briefly introduces the porphyrin self-assembly method, and the co-assembly of porphyrin and porphyrin, porphyrin and polymer, porphyrin and polypeptide, porphyrin and inorganic nanocrystals. The synergistic effect of co-assembly could solve the hydrophilia problem and achieve the enhanced functionalization. Then, the widened red shift of the spectrum, the increased yield, the increased drug loading, and the increased singlet oxygen yields are discussed. The research progresses of porphyrin-based assemblies in the direction of biological diagnosis and treatment are also reviewed. Finally, future perspectives and potential future research on the challenges are addressed.

Keywords

Porphyrin / Supramolecular interaction / Self-assembly / Nanoassembly / Cancer / Imaging / Theranostics

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