Recent Advances in the Analytical Techniques for PFASs and Corresponding Intermediates During Their Chemical Decomposition

Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) have been restricted from production and consumption in many countries due to their persistence and biological toxicity. With the development of removal technologies, the requirement on the detection of different kinds of PFASs and their derivates is increasing. A suitable analytical method is the prerequisite and basis for the study of the degradation of PFASs. As various analytical methods have been reported, questions about which one is more suitable have arisen. It is a right time to summarize the past and suggest the future. In this paper, we summarized and discussed the analytical methods applied in the chemical degradation of PFASs. We also proposed the current problems and discussed the future directions in this field.

Keywords

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance(PFAS) / Analytical technique / Decomposition intermediate

References

[1] Zhang W, Zhang D, Liang Y. Environ. Pollut., 2019, 247: 266.

[2] Chen M-J, Lo S-L, Lee Y-C, Huang C-C. J. Hazard. Mater., 2015, 288: 168.

[3] Sun Q, Zhao C, Frankcombe T J, Liu H, Liu Y. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2020, 50(5): 523.

[4] Casal P, González-Gaya B, Zhang Y, Reardon A J F, Martin J W, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2017, 51(5): 2766.

[5] Paul A G, Jones K C, Sweetman A J. Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2009, 43(2): 386.

[6] Evich M G, Davis M J B, McCord J P, Acrey B, Awkerman J A, Knappe D R U, Lindstrom A B, Speth T F, Tebes-Stevens C, Strynar M J, Wang Z, Weber E J, Henderson W M, Washington J W. Science, 2022, 375(6580): eabg9065.

[7] Hepburn E, Madden C, Szabo D, Coggan T L, Clarke B, Currell M. Environ. Pollut., 2019, 248: 101.

[8] Bacha A-U-R, Nabi I, Fu Z, Li K, Cheng H, Zhang L. Chin. Chem. Lett., 2019, 30(12): 2225.

[9] Guelfo J L, Marlow T, Klein D M, Savitz D A, Frickel S, Crimi M, Suuberg E M. Environ. Health Perspect., 2018, 126(6): 065001.

[10] Domingo J L, Nadal M. Environ. Res., 2019, 177: 108648.

[11] Melzer D, Rice N, Depledge M H, Henley W E, Galloway T S. Environ. Health Perspect., 2010, 118(5): 686.

[12] Fenton S E, Ducatman A, Boobis A, DeWitt J C, Lau C, Ng C, Smith J S, Roberts S M. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 2021, 40(3): 606.

[13] Sha M, Xing P, Jiang B. Chin. Chem. Lett., 2015, 26(5): 491.

[14] Hori H, Yamamoto A, Hayakawa E, Taniyasu S, Yamashita N, Kutsuna S, Kiatagawa H, Arakawa R. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005, 39(7): 2383.

[15] Xu B, Liu S, Zhou J L, Zheng C, Jin W, Chen B, Zhang T, Qiu W. J. Hazard. Mater., 2021, 412: 125159.

[16] Verma S, Varma R S, Nadagouda M N. Sci. Total Environ., 2021, 794(50): 148987.

[17] Banks D, Jun B-M, Heo J, Her N, Park C M, Yoon Y. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2020, 231(24): 115929.

[18] Liu G, Feng C, Shao P. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2021, 56(10): 6223.

[19] Liu Z, Bentel M J, Yu Y, Ren C, Gao J, Pulikkal V F, Sun M, Men Y, Liu J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2021, 55(10): 7052.

[20] Liu Z, Chen Z, Gao J, Yu Y, Men Y, Gu C, Liu J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2022, 56(6): 3699.

[21] Tenorio R, Liu J, Xiao X, Maizel A, Higgins C P, Schaefer C E, Strathmann T J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2020, 54(11): 6957.

[22] Liu Y, Chen S, Quan X, Yu H, Zhao H, Zhang Y. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2015, 49(22): 13528.

[23] Wang X, Li K, He J, Yang J, Dong F, Mai W, Zhu M. Nano Energy, 2020, 78: 105388.

[24] Zhu M, Kim S, Mao L, Fujitsuka M, Zhang J, Wang X, Majima T. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, 139(37): 13234.

[25] Hu X, Ye Y, Dong W, Huang Y, Zhu M. Appl. Catal. B, 2022, 309: 121238.

[26] Zhu M, Chen P, Liu M. ACS Nano, 2011, 5(6): 4529.

[27] Zhang Q, Mirzaei A, Wang Y, Song G, Wang C, Besteiro L V, Govorov A O, Chaker M, Ma D. Appl. Catal. B, 2022, 317: 121792.

[28] Zhang Q, Liu X, Chaker M, Ma D. ACS Mater Lett, 2021, 3(6): 663.

[29] Zhang Q, Huang S, Deng J, Gangadharan D T, Yang F, Xu Z, Giorgi G, Palummo M, Chaker M, Ma D J A F M. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2019, 29(28): 1902486.

[30] Zhang Q, Deng J, Xu Z, Chaker M, Ma D J A C. ACS Catal., 2017, 7(9): 6225.

[31] Gomez-Ruiz B, Ribao P, Diban N, Rivero M J, Ortiz I, Urtiaga A. J. Hazard. Mater., 2018, 344: 950.

[32] Shao T, Zhang P, Jin L, Li Z. Appl. Catal. B, 2013, 142: 654.

[33] Li X, Zhang P, Jin L, Shao T, Li Z, Cao J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2012, 46(10): 5528.

[34] Li T, Wang C, Wang T, Zhu L. Appl. Catal. B, 2020, 268: 118442.

[35] Hu X N, Ye Y, Dong W B, Huang Y C, Zhu M S. Appl. Catal. B, 2022, 309: 121238.

[36] Wang N, Lv H, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Hu Y, Majima T, Tang H. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2019, 53(14): 8302.

[37] Zhang K, Huang J, Yu G, Zhang Q, Deng S, Wang B. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47(12): 6471.

[38] Chen Y-C, Lo S-L, Kuo J. Water Res., 2011, 45(14): 4131.

[39] Zhong J, Zhao Y, Ding L, Ji H, Ma W, Chen C, Zhao J. Appl. Catal. B, 2019, 241: 514.

[40] Buck R C, Franklin J, Berger U, Conder J M, Cousins I T, de Voogt P, Jensen A A, Kannan K, Mabury S A, van Leeuwen S P J. Integr. Environ. Assess. Manage., 2011, 7(4): 513.

[41] Dadashi Firouzjaei M, Zolghadr E, Ahmadalipour S, Taghvaei N, Akbari Afkhami F, Nejati S, Elliott M A. Environ. Chem. Lett., 2022, 20(1): 661.

[42] Zeng Z T, Song B, Xiao R, Zeng G M, Gong J L, Chen M, Xu P A, Zhang P, Shen M C, Yi H. Environ. Int., 2019, 126(42): 598.

[43] O’Hagan D. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2008, 37(2): 308.

[44] Rayne S, Forest K. J. Environ. Sci. Health A, 2009, 44(12): 1145.

[45] Li F, Duan J, Tian S, Ji H, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Zhao D. Chem. Eng. J., 2020, 380(25): 122506.

[46] Gagliano E, Sgroi M, Falciglia P P, Vagliasindi F G A, Roccaro P. Water Res., 2020, 171(54): 115381.

[47] Prevedouros K, Cousins I T, Buck R C, Korzeniowski S H. Environ. Sci. Technol., 200, 40(1): 32.

[48] Armitage J M, MacLeod M, Cousins I T. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2009, 43(15): 5830.

[49] Park M, Wu S, Lopez I J, Chang J Y, Karanfil T, Snyder S A. Water Res., 2020, 170: 115364.

[50] Higgins C P, Luthy R G. Environ. Sci. Technol., 200, 40(23): 7251.

[51] Jeon J, Kannan K, Lim B J, An K G, Kim S D. J. Environ. Monit., 2011, 13(6): 1803.

[52] Brendel S, Fetter E, Staude C, Vierke L, Biegel-Engler A. Environ. Sci. Eur., 2018, 30(1): 1.

[53] Cao H, Zhou Z, Hu Z, Wei C, Li J, Wang L, Liu G, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang T, Liang Y. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2022, 56(5): 3214.

[54] Liu X, Fang M, Xu F, Chen D. Trends Anal. Chem., 2019, 116(39): 177.

[55] Harada K H, Fujii Y, Zhu J, Zheng B, Cao Y, Hitomi T. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 2020, 7(4): 259.

[56] Ji Y, Cui Z, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Li A. J. Chromatogr. A, 2020, 1622(28): 461132.

[57] Running L, Atilla-Gokcumen G E, Aga D S. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2022, 35(7): 1277.

[58] Trojanowicz M, Koc M. Microchim. Acta, 2013, 180(11): 957 12

[59] Wang J, Shi Y, Cai Y. J. Chromatogr. A, 2018, 1544(26): 1.

[60] Zabaleta I, Negreira N, Bizkarguenaga E, Prieto A, Covaci A, Zuloaga O. Food Chem., 2017, 230(42): 497.

[61] Hori H, Nagaoka Y, Murayama M, Kutsuna S. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008, 42(19): 7438.

[62] Sorengard M, Bergstrom S, McCleaf P, Wiberg K, Ahrens L. Environ. Pollut., 2022, 311(36): 119981.

[63] Voulgaropoulos A. Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy, 2022, 41(2): e13800.

[64] Wang Y-Q, Hu L-X, Liu T, Zhao J-H, Yang Y-Y, Liu Y-S, Ying G-G. Environ. Int., 2022, 163(45): 107219.

[65] Abdelraheem E, Wise J, Murphy C, Jiang W. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2023, 110(1): 32.

[66] Tavasoli E, Luek J L, Malley J P Jr., Mouser P J. Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2021, 23(6): 903.

[67] Valdiviezo A, Aly N A, Luo Y-S, Cordova A, Casillas G, Foster M, Baker E S, Rusyn I. J. Environ. Sci., 2022, 115(34): 350.

[68] Wu Y, Miller G Z, Gearhart J, Peaslee G, Venier M. Environ. Pollut., 2021, 268(35): 115477.

[69] Ding G, Peijnenburg W J G M. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 43(6): 598.

[70] Lampic A, Parnis J M. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 2020, 39(4): 775.

[71] Rahman M F, Peldszus S, Anderson W B. Water Res., 2014, 50(48): 318.

[72] Peng B, Fu S, Li Y, Zhang J, Xie S, Li L, Lyu Y, Duan A, Chen X, Yuan L. Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2019, 35(6): 978.

[73] Groffen T, Bervoets L, Jeong Y, Willems T, Eens M, Prinsen E. J. Chromatogr. B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2021, 1172(20): 122653.

[74] Rozet E, Lebrun P, Debrus B, Hubert P. Bioanalysis, 2012, 4(7): 755.

[75] Churchwell M I, Twaddle N C, Meeker L R, Doerge D R. J. Chromatogr. B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2005, 825(2): 134.

[76] Trier X, Granby K, Christensen J H. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 2011, 18(7): 1108.

[77] Lin H, Niu J, Xu J, Huang H, Li D, Yue Z, Feng C. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47(22): 13039.

[78] Windig W, Marchincin T F, Meyer G N. Appl. Spectrosc., 2003, 57(12): 1575.

[79] Rivero M J, Ribao P, Gomez-Ruiz B, Urtiaga A, Ortiz I. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2020, 240(24): 116637.

[80] Duan L, Wang B, Heck K, Guo S, Clark C A, Arredondo J, Wang M, Senftle T P, Westerhoff P, Wen X, Song Y, Wong M S. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 2020, 7(8): 613.

[81] Wang C, Xu J, Zhou G, Qu Q, Yang G, Hu X. Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screening, 2007, 10(7): 547.

[82] Li J, Peng G, Xu X, Liang E, Sun W, Chen Q, Yao L. Chemosphere, 2022, 302(51): 134873.

[83] Ryu H, Li B, De Guise S, McCutcheon J, Lei Y. J. Hazard. Mater., 2021, 408(47): 124437.

[84] Wolf S T, Reagen W K. Anal. Methods, 2013, 5(10): 2444.

[85] Al Amin M, Sobhani Z, Liu Y, Dharmaraja R, Chadalavada S, Naidu R, Chalker J M, Fang C. Environ. Technol. Innovation, 2020, 19(7): 100879.

[86] Zhang W, Efstathiadis H, Li L, Liang Y. J. Environ. Sci., 2020, 93(32): 48.

[87] Fennell B D, Odorisio A, McKay G. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2022, 56(14): 10329.

[88] Qian L, Kopinke F-D, Georgi A. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2021, 55(1): 614.

[89] Hu C, Zhu J, Mei H, Shi H, Guo H, Zhang G, Wang P, Lu L, Zheng X. Forensic Chem., 2018, 11(3): 1.

[90] Hansen K J, Johnson H O, Eldridge J S, Butenhoff J L, Dick L A. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2002, 36(8): 1681.

[91] Higgins C P, Field J A, Criddle C S, Luthy R G. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005, 39(11): 3946.

[92] Ghislain T, Faure P, Michels R. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2012, 23(3): 530.

[93] Chu S, Letcher R J. J. Chromatogr. A, 2008, 1215(1): 92 2

[94] Chen Z, Teng Y, Mi N, Jin X, Yang D, Wang C, Wu B, Ren H, Zeng G, Gu C. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2021, 55(6): 3996.

[95] Li R, Alomari S, Islamoglu T, Farha O K, Fernando S, Thagard S M, Holsen T M, Wriedt M. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2021, 55(22): 15162.

[96] Chu S, Letcher R J, McGoldrick D J, Backus S M. Environ. Sci. Technol., 201, 50(2): 669.

[97] Mak Y L, Taniyasu S, Yeung L W Y, Lu G, Jin L, Yang Y, Lam P K S, Kannan K, Yamashita N. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2009, 43(13): 4824.

[98] D’Agostino L A, Mabury S A. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2014, 48(1): 121.

[99] Chiaia-Hernandez A C, Scheringer M, Mueller A, Stieger G, Waechter D, Keller A, Pintado-Herrera M G, Lara-Martin P A, Bucheli T D, Hollender J. Sci. Total Environ., 2020, 740(49): 140181.

[100] Ccanccapa-Cartagena A, Pico Y, Ortiz X, Reiner E J. Sci. Total Environ., 2019, 687(48): 355.

[101] Yang M, Li J, Zhao C, Xiao H, Fang X, Zheng J. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2021, 21(52): 1.

[102] Kugler A, Dong H, Li C, Gu C, Schaefer C E, Choi Y J, Tran D, Spraul M, Higgins C P. Water Res., 2021, 200(55): 117221.

[103] Tenorio R, Maizel A C, Schaefer C E, Higgins C P, Strathmann T J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2022, 56(20): 14774.

[104] Nakayama S F, Yoshikane M, Onoda Y, Nishihama Y, Iwai-Shimada M, Takagi M, Kobayashi Y, Isobe T. Trends Anal. Chem., 2019, 121(39): 115410.

[105] Wen X F, Ye L, Chen L K, Kong L C, Yuan L, Xi H L, Zhong J Y. Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2019, 35(6): 1095.

[106] Zhao N, Xin H, Li Z C, Wang Z M, Zhang L N. Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, 2019, 35(6): 983.

[107] Wang F, Lu X, Li X-Y, Shih K. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2015, 49(9): 5672.

[108] Roth J, Abusallout I, Hill T, Holton C, Thapa U, Hanigan D. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 2020, 7(3): 164.

[109] He S, Shi Y, Cai Y, Zhang C. Chin. J. Chromatogr., 2020, 38(3): 287.

[110] Li Z, Sun H. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2020, 17(1): 100.

[111] Ganesan S, Chawengkijwanich C, Gopalakrishnan M, Janjaroen D. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2022, 168(41): 113377.

[112] Visco G, Campanella L, Nobili V. Microchem. J., 2005, 79(1): 185.

[113] Cui J, Gao P, Deng Y. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2020, 54(7): 3752.

[114] Rao U, Su Y, Khor C M, Jung B, Ma S, Cwiertny D M, Wong B M, Jassby D. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2020, 54(17): 10668.

[115] Bentel M J, Yu Y, Xu L, Li Z, Wong B M, Men Y, Liu J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2019, 53(7): 3718.

[116] Li Z, Zhang P, Shao T, Li X. Appl. Catal. B, 2012, 125: 350.

[117] Yang J-S, Lai W W-P, Lin A Y-C. Water Res, 2021, 207: 117805.