Formation of Iodinated Trihalomethane Disinfection By-products by Co-oxidation of Natural Organic Matter with Sodium Hypochlorite and Lead Dioxide

Abstract

Iodinated trihalomethanes(I-THMs) in drinking water pipelines have attracted wide attention due to their high toxicity. The coexistence of widely present lead dioxide(PbO₂) with commonly used disinfectant sodium hypochlorite(NaClO) in drinking water might change the formation characteristics of I-THMs due to the strongly oxidizing properties of PbO₂. This study investigated the formation of I-THMs during the co-oxidation of natural organic matter including humic acid(HA), extracellular organic matter(EOM), and intracellular organic matter(IOM) of algogenic organic matter by PbO₂ and NaClO. Triiodomethane(CHI₃) is the dominant product in the single oxidation system of PbO₂, whereas trichloromethane (CHCl₃), chlorodiiodomethane(CHClI₂), and dichloroiodomethane (CHCl₂I) are the major products in the single NaClO system. In the co-oxidation system, the dominant I-THMs are similar to those in the single NaClO system. However, the CHCl₃ content decreased to 56.4% whereas I-THMs concentrations remained unchanged with the increase of PbO₂ concentration. The main reason is attributed to the reduced residual chlorine content due to the reaction of PbO₂ with NaClO. IOM is more prone to forming I-THMs than HA and EOM due to the specified structures. This study suggested that PbO₂ in the drinking water supply pipelines might change the risk of THMs.

Keywords

Lead dioxide / Iodinated trihalomethane / Humic acid / Algogenic organic matter

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