Recent Progresses on the High Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Abstract

Organic electrochemical transistor(OECT) with bulk current modulation capability based on the ion penetration into the organic semiconducting channel exhibits unique features, including high transconductance, low voltage and large capacitance. The high current at a low voltage, together with the compatibility with aqueous environment, makes OECT particularly suitable for bioelectronic applications, such as biological interfacing, printed logic circuitry and neuromorphic devices. However, the operation mechanism and structure-performance relationship of OECT are rather complicated and remain unclear to date. One of the critical issues is the ion penetration and transportation process. This review focuses on the research progresses of how to improve the OECT performance specifically through materials design, interfacing and morphology modulation. Different strategies of promoting the ion doping process are compared and discussed in order to optimize the device performance so that a deep understanding of the OECT operation principle could be gained.

Keywords

Organic electrochemical transistor / Organic conjugated polymer / Electrochemical doping / Organic field effect transistor

References

[1] Chao S, Wrighton M S. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109: 2197.

[2] White H S, Kittlesen G P, Wrighton M S. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106: 5375.

[3] Bernards D A, Malliaras G G. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2007, 17: 3538.

[4] Owens R M, Malliaras G G. MRS Bulletin, 2010, 35: 449.

[5] Berggren M, Richter-Dahlfors A. Adv. Mater., 2007, 19: 3201.

[6] Rivnay J, Inal S, Salleo A, Owens R M, Berggren M, Malliaras G G. Nat. Rev. Mater., 2018, 3: 17086.

[7] Friedlein J T, McLeod R R, Rivnay J. Org. Electron., 2018, 63: 398.

[8] Borges-González J, Kousseff C J, Nielsen C B. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2019, 7: 1111.

[9] Paterson A F, Faber H, Savva A, Nikiforidis G, Gedda M, Hidalgo T C, Chen X, McCulloch I, Anthopoulos T D, Inal S. Adv. Mater., 2019, 31: 1902291.

[10] Sensi M, Berto M, Candini A, Liscio A, Cossarizza A, Beni V, Biscarini F, Bortolotti C A. ACS Omega, 2019, 4: 5374.

[11] Currano L J, Sage F C, Hagedon M, Hamilton L, Patrone J, Gerasopoulos K. Sci. Rep., 2018, 8: 15890.

[12] Tang H, Yan F, Lin P, Xu J, Chan H L W. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2011, 21: 2264.

[13] Gkoupidenis P, Koutsouras D A, Malliaras G G. Nat. Commun., 2017, 8: 15448.

[14] Zeglio E, Inganas O. Adv. Mater., 2018, 30: e1800941.

[15] Onorato J W, Luscombe C K. Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, 2019, 4: 310.

[16] Laiho A, Herlogsson L, Forchheimer R, Crispin X, Berggren M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2011, 108: 15069.

[17] Donahue M J, Williamson A, Strakosas X, Friedlein J T, McLeod R R, Gleskova H, Malliaras G G. Adv. Mater., 2018, 30: 1705031.

[18] Campana A, Cramer T, Simon D T, Berggren M, Biscarini F. Adv. Mater., 2014, 26: 3874.

[19] ElMahmoudy M, Inal S, Charrier A, Uguz I, Malliaras G G, Sanaur S. Macromol. Mater. Eng., 2017, 302: 1600497.

[20] Jimison L H, Hama A, Strakosas X, Armel V, Khodagholy D, Ismailova E, Malliaras G G, Winther-Jensen B, Owens R M. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2012, 22: 19498.

[21] Zeglio E, Vagin M, Musumeci C, Ajjan F N, Gabrielsson R, Trinh X T, Son N T, Maziz A, Solin N, Inganäs O. Chem. Mater., 2015, 27: 6385.

[22] Giovannitti A, Sbircea D T, Inal S, Nielsen C B, Bandiello E, Hanifi D A, Sessolo M, Malliaras G G, McCulloch I, Rivnay J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 201, 113: 12017.

[23] Nielsen C B, Giovannitti A, Sbircea D T, Bandiello E, Niazi M R, Hanifi D A, Sessolo M, Amassian A, Malliaras G G, Rivnay J, McCulloch I. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 201, 138: 10252.

[24] Schmode P, Savva A, Kahl R, Ohayon D, Meichsner F, Dolynchuk O, Thurn-Albrecht T, Inal S, Thelakkat M. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12: 13029.

[25] Moser M, Savagian L R, Savva A, Matta M, Ponder J F, Hidalgo T C, Ohayon D, Hallani R, Reisjalali M, Troisi A, Wadsworth A, Reynolds J R, Inal S, McCulloch I. Chem. Mater., 2020, 32: 6618.

[26] Moser M, Hidalgo T C, Surgailis J, Gladisch J, Ghosh S, Sheelamanthula R, Thiburce Q, Giovannitti A, Salleo A, Gasparini N, Wadsworth A, Zozoulenko I, Berggren M, Stavrinidou E, Inal S, McCulloch I. Adv. Mater., 2020, 32: e2002748.

[27] Österholm A M, Ponder J F, De Keersmaecker M, Shen D E, Reynolds J R. Chem. Mater., 2019, 31: 2971.

[28] Giovannitti A, Nielsen C B, Sbircea D T, Inal S, Donahue M, Niazi M R, Hanifi D A, Amassian A, Malliaras G G, Rivnay J, McCulloch I. Nat. Commun., 201, 7: 13066.

[29] Sun H, Vagin M, Wang S, Crispin X, Forchheimer R, Berggren M, Fabiano S. Adv. Mater., 2018, 30: 1704916.

[30] Giovannitti A, Maria I P, Hanifi D, Donahue M J, Bryant D, Barth K J, Makdah B E, Savva A, Moia D, Zetek M, Barnes P R F, Reid O G, Inal S, Rumbles G, Malliaras G G, Nelson J, Rivnay J, McCulloch I. Chem. Mater., 2018, 30: 2945.

[31] Chen X, Marks A, Paulsen B D, Wu R, Rashid R B, Chen H, Alsufyani M, Rivnay J, McCulloch I. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2021, 60: 9368.

[32] Bischak C G, Flagg L Q, Yan K, Li C Z, Ginger D S. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11: 28138.

[33] Persson K M, Karlsson R, Svennersten K, Löffler S, Jager E W H, Richter-Dahlfors A, Konradsson P, Berggren M. Adv. Mater., 2011, 23: 4403.

[34] Karlsson R H, Herland A, Hamedi M, Wigenius J A, Åslund A, Liu X, Fahlman M, Inganäs O, Konradsson P. Chem. Mater., 2009, 21: 1815.

[35] Brendel J C, Schmidt M M, Hagen G, Moos R, Thelakkat M. Chem. Mater., 2014, 26: 1992.

[36] Inal S, Rivnay J, Leleux P, Ferro M, Ramuz M, Brendel J C, Schmidt M M, Thelakkat M, Malliaras G G. Adv. Mater., 2014, 26: 7450.

[37] Lill A T, Cao D X, Schrock M, Vollbrecht J, Huang J, Nguyen-Dang T, Brus V V, Yurash B, Leifert D, Bazan G C, Nguyen T Q. Adv. Mater., 2020, 32: e1908120.

[38] Schmode P, Ohayon D, Reichstein P M, Savva A, Inal S, Thelakkat M. Chem. Mater., 2019, 31: 5286.

[39] Paterson A F, Savva A, Wustoni S, Tsetseris L, Paulsen B D, Faber H, Emwas A H, Chen X, Nikiforidis G, Hidalgo T C, Moser M, Maria I P, Rivnay J, McCulloch I, Anthopoulos T D, Inal S. Nat. Commun., 2020, 11: 3004.

[40] Cicoira F, Sessolo M, Yaghmazadeh O, DeFranco J A, Yang S Y, Malliaras G G. Adv. Mater., 2010, 22: 1012.

[41] Tarabella G, Santato C, Yang S Y, Iannotta S, Malliaras G G, Cicoira F. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2010, 97: 123304.

[42] Jambrec D, Gebala M, La Mantia F, Schuhmann W. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2015, 54: 15064.

[43] Paterson A F, Faber H, Savva A, Nikiforidis G, Gedda M, Hidalgo T C, Chen X, McCulloch I, Anthopoulos T D, Inal S. Adv. Mater., 2019, 31: e1902291.

[44] Flagg L Q, Giridharagopal R, Guo J, Ginger D S. Chem. Mater., 2018, 30: 5380.

[45] Cendra C, Giovannitti A, Savva A, Venkatraman V, McCulloch I, Salleo A, Inal S, Rivnay J. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2018, 29: 1807034.

[46] Lee K H, Kang M S, Zhang S, Gu Y, Lodge T P, Frisbie C D. Adv. Mater., 2012, 24: 4457.

[47] Cho J H, Lee J, Xia Y, Kim B, He Y, Renn M J, Lodge T P, Frisbie C D. Nat. Mater., 2008, 7: 900.

[48] Choi J H, Xie W, Gu Y, Frisbie C D, Lodge T P. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7: 7294.

[49] Dai S, Chu Y, Liu D, Cao F, Wu X, Zhou J, Zhou B, Chen Y, Huang J. Nat. Commun., 2018, 9: 2737.

[50] He Y, Boswell P G, Bühlmann P, Lodge T P. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2007, 111: 4645.

[51] Bischak C. G., Flagg L. Q., Ginger D. S., Adv. Mater., 2020, 32, e2002610

[52] Duong D T, Tuchman Y, Chakthranont P, Cavassin P, Colucci R, Jaramillo T F, Salleo A, Faria G C. Adv. Electron. Mater., 2018, 4: 1800090.

[53] Rawlings D, Thomas E M, Segalman R A, Chabinyc M L. Chem. Mater., 2019, 31: 8820.

[54] Jo Y J, Kwon K Y, Khan Z U, Crispin X, Kim T I. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10: 39083.

[55] Rivnay J, Inal S, Collins B A, Sessolo M, Stavrinidou E, Strakosas X, Tassone C, Delongchamp D M, Malliaras G G. Nat. Commun., 201, 7: 11287.

[56] Kim Y H, Sachse C, Machala M L, May C, Müller-Meskamp L, Leo K. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2011, 21: 1076.

[57] Xia Y, Sun K, Ouyang J. Adv. Mater., 2012, 24: 2436.

[58] Migliaccio L, Gesuele F, Manini P, Maglione M G, Tassini P, Pezzella A. Materials (Basel), 2020, 13(9): 2108.

[59] Wu X, Surendran A, Ko J, Filonik O, Herzig E M, Muller-Buschbaum P, Leong W L. Adv. Mater., 2019, 31: e1805544.

[60] Håkansson A, Han S, Wang S, Lu J, Braun S, Fahlman M, Berggren M, Crispin X, Fabiano S. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 2017, 55: 814.

[61] Kim S M, Kim C H, Kim Y, Kim N, Lee W J, Lee E H, Kim D, Park S, Lee K, Rivnay J, Yoon M H. Nat. Commun., 2018, 9: 3858.

[62] Mantione D, del Agua I, Schaafsma W, ElMahmoudy M, Uguz I, Sanchez-Sanchez A, Sardon H, Castro B, Malliaras G G, Mecerreyes D. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2017, 9: 18254.

[63] Yan L, Gao X, Thomas J P, Ngai J, Altounian H, Leung K T, Meng Y, Li Y. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 2018, 2: 1574.

[64] Flagg L Q, Bischak C G, Onorato J W, Rashid R B, Luscombe C K, Ginger D S. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2019, 141: 4345.

[65] Ghosh S. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 1999, 3: 213.

[66] Li P, Sun K, Ouyang J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7: 18415.

[67] Javier A E, Patel S N, Hallinan D T Jr., Srinivasan V, Balsara N P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2011, 50: 9848.

[68] Zhang A, Bai H, Li L. Chem. Rev., 2015, 115: 9801.

[69] Huang L, Wang Z, Chen J, Wang B, Chen Y, Huang W, Chi L, Marks T J, Facchetti A. Adv. Mater., 2021, 33: e2007041.