Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Method for Nalbuphine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Chloride-diperiodatocuprate(III) Reaction

Abstract

A sensitive and selective method employing chemiluminescence(CL) coupled with flow injection(FI) is reported for nalbuphine hydrochloride(NAL) assay in pharmaceutical formulations. The enhancement effect of NAL on the CL reaction between tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride-diperiodatocuprate(III) {Ru[(bpy)₃]²⁺-Cu(III) complex} in acidic medium is used as analytical measurement. The optimal conditions of the CL reaction were sulfuric acid 1.0×10⁻³ mol/L, Ru[(bpy)s]²⁺ 7.5×10⁻⁵ mol/L, Cu(III)/Ag(III) complexes 4.0×10⁻⁴/5.0×10⁻⁴ mol/L, sample loop volume of 120 µL and flow rate of 2.5 mL/min. The sensitivities of the method in terms of detection(S/N=3) and quantification(S/N=10) limits are 5×10⁻⁴ and 0.001 ppm(1 ppm=1 mg/L), respectively. The linear response of the instrument in the form of CL intensity with respect to NAL concentration is over the range 0.001–15.0 ppm(R ²=0.9999) with relative standard deviation from 0.8% to 3.2% and injection throughput of 120 injection/h. The applications of the method include the quantitative analysis of NAL in pharmaceutical injection samples. Variations and the average results of the proposed method are not significantly different from the results of a reported method by applying F- and paired student t-test. The most likely CL reaction mechanism is written in accordance with spectrophotometric and CL studies.

Keywords

Ru[(bpy)₃]²⁺ / Cu(III)/Ag(III) complex / Chemiluminescence / Flow injection analysis / Nalbuphine hydrochloride / Pharmaceutical

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