Two-dimensional Molecular Phase Transition of Alkylated-TDPB on Au(111) and Cu(111) Surfaces

Abstract

The derivatives of aromatic cores bearing alkyl chains with different lengths are of potential interest in on-surface chemistry, and thus have been widely investigated both at liquid-solid interfaces and in vacuum. Here, we report on the structural evaluation of self-assembled 1,3,5-tri(4-dodecylphenyl)benzene(TDPB) molecules with increased molecular coverages on both Au(111) and Cu(111) surfaces. As observed on Au(111), rhombic and herringbone structures emerge successively depending on surface coverage. In the case of Cu(111), the same process of phase conversion is also observed, but with two distinct structures. In comparison, the self-assembled structures on Au(111) surface are packed more densely than that on Cu(111) surface under the same preparation conditions. This may fundamentally result from the higher adsorption energy of TDPB molecules on Cu(111), restricting their adjustment to optimize a thermodynamically favorable molecular packing.

Keywords

Self-assembly / Scanning tunneling microscope / Phase transition / Adsorption energy

References

[1] Bain C D, Whitesides G M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110(17): 5897.

[2] Xia F, Ge H, Hou Y, Sun T, Chen L, Zhang G, Jiang L. Adv. Mater., 2007, 19(18): 2520.

[3] Xia F, Feng L, Wang S, Sun T, Song W, Jiang W, Jiang L. Adv. Mater., 200, 18(4): 432.

[4] Tahara K, Furukawa S, Uji-i H, Uchino T, Ichikawa T, Zhang J, Mamdouh W, Sonoda M, De Schryver F C, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 200, 128(51): 16613.

[5] Xie Z X, Xu X, Mao B W, Tanaka K. Langmuir, 2002, 18(8): 3113.

[6] Kim K, Plass K E, Matzger A J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127(13): 4879.

[7] Shen X, Wei X, Tan P, Yu Y, Yang B, Gong Z, Zhang H, Lin H, Li Y, Li Q, Xie Y, Chi L. Small, 2015, 11(19): 2284.

[8] Mu Z, Rubner O, Bamler M, Blömker T, Kehr G, Erker G, Heuer A, Fuchs H, Chi L. Langmuir, 2013, 29(34): 10737.

[9] Kong X H, Deng K, Yang Y L, Zeng Q D, Wang C. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111(26): 9235.

[10] Shen Y T, Guan L, Zhu X Y, Zeng Q D, Wang C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131(17): 6174.

[11] Katsonis N, Marchenko A, Fichou D. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125(45): 13682.

[12] Smith R K, Lewis P A, Weiss P S. Prog. Surf. Sci., 2004, 75(1): 1. 2

[13] Chen T, Wang D, Wan L J. Natl. Sci. Rev., 2015, 2(2): 205.

[14] Piot L, Marchenko A, Wu J, Müllen K, Fichou D. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127(46): 16245.

[15] Adam D, Schuhmacher P, Simmerer J, Häussling L, Siemensmeyer K, Etzbachi K H, Ringsdorf H, Haarer D. Nature, 1994, 371(6493): 141.

[16] Ciesielski A, Palma C A, Bonini M, Samorì P. Adv. Mater., 2010, 22(32): 3506.

[17] Horcas I, Fernández R, Gómez-Rodríguez J M, Colchero J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baro A M. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2007, 78(1): 013705.

[18] Furukawa S, Tahara K, De Schryver F C, Van der Auweraer M, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 2007, 46(16): 2831.

[19] Lei S, Tahara K, De Schryver F C, Van der Auweraer M, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 2008, 47(16): 2964.

[20] Chen T, Chen Q, Zhang X, Wang D, Wan L J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132(16): 5598.

[21] Kühnle A. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 2009, 14(2): 157.

[22] Yin S X, Wang C, Qiu X H, Xu B, Bai C L. Surf. Interface Anal., 2001, 32(1): 248.

[23] Cai L, Sun Q, Bao M, Ma H, Yuan C, Xu W. ACS Nano, 2017, 11(4): 3727.

[24] Qin D, Ge X J, Lu J T. Surf. Sci., 2018, 671: 6.

[25] Zhao W, Zhu H, Song H, Liu J, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wu K. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122(14): 7695.

[26] Stöhr M, Wahl M, Galka C H, Riehm T, Jung T A, Gade L H. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 2005, 44(45): 7394.